240 THE ANIMAL PARASITES OF MAN 



especially found at the base of the brain, are irregularly ramified and 

 often without the head. 



A certain interest is attached to those forms that have led to 

 the establishment of a distinct species : 



Cysticercus acanthotrias, Weinl., 1858. 



In making the autopsy of a white Virginian woman who had died of 

 phthisis, a Cysticercus was found on the dura mater, and eleven or twelve 

 specimens in the muscles and subcutaneous tissue. Weinland 1 and Leuckart/ 

 who examined the specimens, found that they resembled Cysticercus cellu- 

 loses in form and size, but that they carried on the rostellum a triple crown, 

 each consisting of 14 to 1 6 hooks, which differed from the hooks of Cysticercus 

 celluloses or of T&nia solium by the greater length of the posterior root 

 process and the more slender form of the hooks ; the large hooks measured 

 0-153 0-196 mm., the medium-sized hooks, 0*114 0-14, and the small ones 

 0*063 0-07. 



On account of these differences a distinct species of Cysticercus 

 was established, and this naturally presupposed a corresponding 

 species of Tsenia (T. acanthotrias, Lkt.) ; this could be done with 

 justice as long as the case remained isolated, i.e., in America, as 

 there was the possibility of the resulting taenia being found. In this 

 respect, however, the position has changed ; Delore 3 first described 

 a Cysticercus the size of a nut from the biceps muscle of the 

 arm of a silk-worker in Lyons ; according to Bertolis this speci- 

 men possessed hooks of three different sizes, the dimensions of 

 which corresponded with the figures given by Weinland and 

 Leuckart ; the correctness of the diagnosis could hardly be doubted, 

 as Bertolis was known to be a very conscientious observer. A 

 second case has become known through Cobbold 4 who regards a 

 specimen of a Cysticercus in Dallinger's collection, as likewise 

 belonging to Cysticercus acanthotrias ; this specimen also came 

 from a man's brain ; finally a third case, also from France, has 



1 Weinland, D. F., " An Essay of the Tape- worms of Man, illus. with orig. woodc.,' 

 Cambridge, U. S., 1858 ; " System. Catalog, aller Helminthen, die im Menschen gefunden 

 werden " (Arch. /. Naturgesch., 1859, 25. Jhrg., i., p. 276 ; " Be.schreibung zweier neuer 

 Taenioiden aus dem Menschen" & c . (Nov. Act. Acad, Leop.-Caes, 1861, xxviii., with 

 5 plates. 



2 Leuckart, R., Die^mensch. Paras, u. d. v. ihnen herrurh. Krankh., 1863, i., 

 p. 310. 



3 Delore, X., " Cysticercus acanthotrias observe chez une jeune fille " (Mem. et 

 Compt. rend. soc. sc. med., Lyon, 1863, vol. ii., p. 202). 



4 Cobbold, T. Sp., " On a rare and remarkable Parasite from the collection of the 

 Rev. W, Dallinger (Rep. Fortieth Meet. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Scienc., 1870-71, not., p. 135). 



