244 



THE ANIMAL PARASITES OF MAN 



Malformations are not uncommon, and resemble those of Tcenia solium ; 

 a triangular form has been termed T. capensis by Kiichenmeister,' and 

 T. lophosoma by Cobbold, names that naturally possess as little value as does 

 the term T. fenestrata for fenestrated specimens. Moreover, T. solium, var. 

 abietina, Weinl., 1858, which was evacuated by an Indian, was probably 

 a T. saginata, with somewhat close uterine branches. 



Tcenia saginata in its adult condition lives exclusively in the 

 intestinal canal of man. 1 The corresponding cysticercus is called 

 Cysticercus bovis, and is found almost exclusively in the ox ; it- 

 is small, 7-59 mm - in length, and 5-5 mm. in breadth, may 

 easily escape notice and requires from three to six months for its 



development. Numerous experi- 

 ments have confirmed the con- 

 nection of Cysticercus bovis with 

 Tcenia saginata ; indeed, the 

 cysticercus was only discovered 

 by feeding experiments after 

 attention had been called to the 

 ox as the probable intermediary 

 host of this Tcenia. 



FIG. 167. Ma- 

 ture segment of 

 Tcenia saginata, G., 

 with distended 

 uterus. 2/1. 



FIG. _i68. Ceph- 

 alic end of Tcenia 

 saginata in the con- 

 tracted cpndition. 



Medical men observed that weakly 

 children, who were ordered to eat 

 raw scraped beef to strengthen them, 

 contracted Tcenia saginata. It was 

 found, moreover, that Jews, -who are 

 prohibited from eating pork from 

 religious motives, suffered especially 

 from T. saginata ; when T. solium 

 was found to occur in a Jew he often 

 confessed to having eaten pork ; and 



finally it was found that certain nations for instance, the Abyssinians 

 frequently harbour T. saginata, and only eat beef raw by preference. 



These observations led Leuckart in 1861 to feed young calves with the pro- 

 glottides of T. saginata in order to discover the corresponding cysticercus, 

 which was then not known. This experiment was successful. Similar experi- 

 ments, with similar results, were then conducted by Mosler (1863), Cobbold 

 and Simonds (1864 and 1872), Roll (1865), Gerlach (1870), Ziirn (1872), 

 Saint Cyr, Jolicosur (1873), Masse and Pourquier (1876), and Perroncito, 

 in 1876. The attempts to infect goats, sheep, dogs, pigs, rabbits and 

 monkeys were unsuccessful. Only Zenker and Heller were able to infect kids, 

 and Heller infected one sheep, but these are exceptions. 



.' Abnormal migrations of this species have also been known. Compare, amongst 

 others, Stieda, A., '' Ditrchbohr. d. Duod. 11. d. Pancreas ditrck einc Taenia " 

 (C. /. B., P. u..I., 1900, xxviii, [i], p. 430). 



