ECHINOCOCCUS MULTILOCULARIS 



257 



into the abdominal cavity, 1 where they may colonise or become 



transformed and go on growing. This possibility, suggested by 



clinical observations, was first experimentally confirmed by Lebedeff 



and Andrejew by the transplantation of echinococcus cysts of man 



into the abdominal cavity of 



rabbits ; though all the subse- 



quent experimenters in this 



direction did not obtain positive 



results yet there are a sufficient 



number of successes (Stadnitzky, 



Alexinsky, Riemann). 



The echinococci may die off at 

 various stages of development, be- 

 come caseous or calcined, or may be 

 absorbed, the cause for this being 

 either disease of the bladder-worm it- 

 self or inflammation of its connective- 

 tissue capsule ; the discovery of the 

 stratified cuticle, which has great 

 powers of resistance, or the finding of 

 the booklets of the scolices are suffi- 

 cient to form a conclusion as to the 

 nature of such formations. 



wac; 



was 



first 



nrst 



FIG. 180. Hooklets of Echinococcus. 

 600/1. (a) Of Echinococcus veterinorum ; 

 ^ of T(snia echinococcus, three weeks 



after infection . (c} of the aduU r . echi . 



to rear Tcenia echinoCOCCHS in nococcus ; (d) the three forms of hooklets 



the dog by feeding it with the S^t.^ within * 

 Echinococci of cattle and especially 



of sheep. Kiichenmeister, van Beneden, Leuckart, Railliet and others 

 obtained similar results, and Thomas, Naunyn, Krabbe and Finsen 

 succeeded in rearing T. echinococcus in dogs from the bladder- 

 worms of human beings ; these grow comparatively slowly (one to 

 three months) and only develop their hooklets in their definitive form 

 (fig. 180). Finally, Leuckart infected young pigs by feeding them 

 with mature segments. 



Echinococcus multilocularis (Alveolary colloids). 



In addition to the form of echinococcus already described and 

 which is also frequently termed Echinococcus unilocularis, there is 

 a second form which occurs in man as well as in animals and which 



1 In such cases the toxic effects of the echinococcus fluid usually if not 

 always manifest themselves. Such effects are manifested by severe symptoms of 

 poisoning being set up, by urticaria, peritonitis, and ascitis, and not infrequently 

 they cause a fatal termination. 



