260 THE ANIMAL PARASITES OF MAN 



animals, the same parasite is found principally in the ox (according to 

 Meyer, in Leipzig 7 per cent, of the oxen there are affected with echinococcus) ; 

 it is rarer in the sheep and very scarce in the pig. 



It has already been mentioned above that recently the multi- 

 locular echinococcus has been stated to be specifically different 

 from hydatid or unilocular echinococcus ; this view is supported 

 by experimental feedings with the multilocular bladder- worm. 

 These experiments were first undertaken by Klemm (1882) on dogs ; 

 this author, however, obtained taenise which were not distinct 

 from the typical T. echinococcus ; Vogler, Mangold and Miiller, on 

 the other hand, report that the taenia reared in their experi- 

 ments exhibited differences in the form of the booklets as well as 

 in the distribution of the ova within the terminal proglottides ; 

 no weight, however, can be laid on these two circumstances, 

 because these conditions vary in T. echinococcus. More important 

 is the fact that Mangold, who fed a young pig with onco- 

 spheres of tcenia reared from the multilocular echinococcus, 

 found two growths in its liver four months later, and these were 

 recognised as Echinococcus multilocularis ; nevertheless chance may 

 have favoured him, and thus this question has remained undecided 

 until the present time. 



LITERATURE. 



SIEBOLD, C. TH. v. Ueb. d. Verw. v. Echinococcusbrut in Taenien. (Z. f. w. Z., 



1853, iv. f p. 409.) 



ESCHRICHT, T. F. Om the hydatider. (Ov. Kgl. Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Forh., 



1853, p. 211 ; 1856, p. 127 ; Zeitschr. f. d. ges. Naturw., 1857, x -> P- 2 3 T -) 



LEUCKART, R. Ueb. Echinococcus. (Gott. Nachr., 1862, p. 13, and in his book 



on Parasites.) 

 NAUNYN, B. Entw. d. Echinococcus. (Arch. f. An. u. Phys., 1862, p. 612 ; 



1863, pp. 412 and 417.) 

 KRABBE, H. Die isl. Echinococcen. (Virchow's Arch., 1863, xxvii., p. 225 ; 



Dtsch. Zeitschr. f. Thiermed., xvii.) 

 NEISSEK, A. Die Echinococcen- Krankh. Berlin, 1877. 

 KLEMM, H. Z. Kenntn. d. Ech. multiloc. der Leber. (Bayr. Aerzte-Intelligenz- 



blatt, 1883, xxx., p. 451 ; also in In.-Diss. Mi'mchen.) 

 THOMAS, .J. D. Hydatid disease ... in Australia. Adelaide. 1884. 

 MADELUNG, O. W. Beitr. meckl. Aerzte 7. Lehre v. d. Echinococcen- Krankh., 



Stuttg., 1885. 



VIERORDT, H. Abh. iib. d. multilocnlaren Echinococcus. Freiburg, 1886. 

 LENDENFELD, R. Taenia echinococcus. (Zool. Jahrb., 1886, i., p. 409.) 

 LEBEDEW, A. J., and N. J. ANDREJEW. Transpl. v. Echin. v. Menschen auf 



Kaninchen. (Arch. f. path. An., 1889, cxviii., p. 552.) 

 GUILLEBEAU, A. Zur Hist. d. mult. Ech. (Arch. f. path. Anat., 1890, cxix., 



p. 108.) 

 ERLANGER, R. v. D. Geschlechtsapp. d. T. ech. (Ztschr. f. w. Zool. L., 1800, 



P- 555-) 

 OSTERTAG, R. Ueb. d. Ech. multil. bei Rind. u. Schwein. (Dtsch. Zeitschr. f. 



Thiermed., 1891, xvii., p. 172.) 

 MANGOLD, Ueb. d. multil. Ech. u,. seine Taenia. (Berl. klin. Wochenschr., 1892. 



No. 2 ; also In.-Diss. Tubingen, 1892.) 



