288 THE ANIMAL PARASITES OF MAN 



GRASSI, B., and CALANDRUCCIO. Ueber Hacmatozoon, Lewis. (Ibid., 1890, vii., p. 18. 

 LEWIS, T. R. On Nematode Haematozoa in the Dog. (Quart. Journ. Micr. Sc., 



1875, xv., p. 268.) 

 SONSINO, P. Ricerche sugli hemtozoi del cane. (Atti soc. tosc. di sc. iiat., 



1888, x.) 

 GRASSI, B., and G. NOK. Uebertrag. d. Blutfil. ganz ausschliessl. durch d. Stich 



von Stechmiicken. (C. f. B., P. u. I., 1900, [i.] xxviii., p. 652.) 

 Sul ciclo evolut. d. Fil. Bancrofti e. d. Fil. immitis. (Ric. Lab. di An. 



norm. R. Univ. Roma ed in altri Labor, biol., 1901, viii., p. 275.) 



3. Filaria bancrofti, Cobbold, 1877. 



Syn. : Trichina cystica, Salisbury, 1868 (nee Filaria cystica, Rud. 1819); 

 Filaria sanguinis hominis, Lewis, 1872; Filaria sanguinis hominis cegyptiaca, 

 Sonsino, 1875 ; Filaria wuchereri, da Silva Lima; Filaria sanguinis hominum, 

 Hall, 1885 ; Filaria sanguinis hominis nocturna, Manson 1891 ; Filaria nocturna, 

 Manson, 1891. 



The male is colourless, and measures about 40 mm. in length 

 and O'l mm. in diameter. The cephalic extremity is a little thick- 

 ened, the posterior extremity is bent and rounded, but is not 

 twisted corkscrew-like. The anal orifice opens 0*138 mm. in front 

 of the posterior border. There are three pairs of small pre-anal 

 and an equal number of post-anal papillae ; the spicules are 

 unequal (o - 2 and O'6 mm. in length). The female is brownish, 

 76 80 mm. in length, 0*21 0^28 mm. in breadth ; the cephalic 

 and caudal extremities rounded ; the vulva is 1*27 mm. distant 

 from the. head, and the anus 0*28 mm. away from the posterior 

 extremity. Almost the entire body is occupied by the two uteri, from 

 which the larvce emerge early. The length of the latter averages 

 0*13 0'3 mm., their breadth 0*007 cron mm. They are sur- 

 rounded by a delicate protective investing membrane, which is 

 not quite close to them. 



These parasites of man were for a long time only known in their larval 

 stage. They were discovered in 1863 in Paris by Demarquay, in the 

 hydrocele fluid of a Havannese emptied by puncture ; they were next 

 observed by Wiicherer, in Bahia, in the urine of twenty-eight cases of 

 tropical chyluria ; they were likewise observed in North America by Salis- 

 bury, who gave them the name of Trichina cystica. The next discoveries 

 in Calcutta, Guadeloupe, and Port Natal related to chyluria patients, until 

 Lewis discovered the larvae in the BLOOD of man (India)," and found they 

 were almost always present in persons suffering from chyluria, ELE- 

 PHANTIASIS, and lymphatic enlargements ; he also, in exceptional cases, 

 found them in apparently healthy persons (Filaria sanguinis hominis]. 

 Lewis and Manson studied the disease and the filariae of the blood very 

 minutely, and became aware that the filariae were sucked up by mosqui- 

 toes with the blood. Manson described the metamorphoses that take 

 place within the body of the mosquito. The adult female was discovered 



