THE ANIMAL PARASITES OF MAN 



toms. During the initial stages, which may extend over a long 

 period, there are no subjective disorders ; the infection is only 

 demonstrated by the filarise in the blood ; sooner or later anaemia, 

 enlargement of the spleen and fever set in ; lymphatic tumours 

 also appear in various situations, the testicles or spermatic cord 

 being mostly attacked in men. In consequence of engorgement 

 of the lymph vessels it is not uncommon for a sort of elephan- 

 tiasis to develop, generally in the scrotum and lower extremities ; 

 enlargements of the lymphatic glands are also set up ; later on 

 chyluria or haematuria, inflammation of the kidneys and other 

 parts of the urinary apparatus, as well as of the peritoneum, 

 occur. 



LITERATURE. 

 DEMARQUAY. Note sur une tumeur de bourse. . . . renferm. . . . des 



helmintes nematoides. (Gaz. rued., Paris, 1863, [3], xviii., p. 665). 

 LEWIS, T. R. On a Haematozoon Inhabiting Human Blood. Calcutta, 1872. II. 



ed., ibid., 1874. 



The Patholog. significance of Nematode Hsematozoa. Calcutta, 1874. 

 COBBOLD, T. S. The life-history of Filaria Bancrofti. (Journ. Linn. Soc. Zcol., 



1879, xiv., p. 356.) 

 MANSON, P. The Metamorph. of Fil. Sang. Horn, in the Mosquito. (Transact. Linn. 



Soc., London, 1884 [2], ii., pp. 10 & 367.) 



The Filaria Sang. Horn., &c., London, 1883, 186 pp., 8, 10 pi. 

 SCHEUBE. Die Filariakrankheit. (Volkmann's Samml. kl. Vortr., No. 232, 1883). 

 HEBRA, v. Die Elephantiasis Arabum. (Wien Klinik, 1885, Nos. 8 and 9.) 

 BOURNE, A. G. Not. on Fil. Sang. Horn., with descr. of a Male Spec. (Brit. 



Med. Journ., 1888, No. 1429.) 



SIBTHORPE. On the ad. male of Fil. Sang. Horn. (Ib., 1889, No. 1485.) 

 THIESING, H. Beitr. z. An. d. Fil. Sang. Horn. In-Diss. Basel (Leipzig, 1892.) 

 LINSTOW, v. Ueb. d. Art. d. Blutfil. d. Mensch. (Zool. Anzgr., IC.CG, xxiii., 



p. 76.) 

 BANCROFT, TH. On the Metamorph. of the Young Form of Fil. bancrofti, Cobb., 



in the body of Culex ciliaris. (Proc. R. soc., N. S. Wales, 1900, xxiii., 



p. 48.) 

 Low, G. C. A Rec. Obs. on Fil. noct. in Culex. (Brit. Med. Journ., 1900, i., 



p. 1456.) 



MAITLAND, J. Note on the Etiol. of Filariosis. (Ibid., 1902, p. 537.) 

 BLANCHARD, R. Transmiss. de la filariose par les moustiques. (Arch, de parasit., 



1900, iii., p. 280.) 



GRASSI, B., and G. NOE. L.c. (Cf. Fil. immitis.) 

 SAMBON, L. W. Filaria Bancrofti and Filaria immitis (Lancet, 1902, p. 422.) 



4. Filaria diurna, P. Manson, 1891. 

 Syn. : Filaria sanguinis hominis, var. major, Mans., 1891. 

 Is only known in its larval stage, which resembles that of 

 Filaria bancrofti ; nevertheless, it is distinguished from the latter 

 by the fact that in it the granulation of the intestine is lack- 

 ing, and that it appears in the blood DURING the day only. This 

 appears to indicate that the larvae are liberated by a blood-sucking 

 insect flying in the day time ; the so-called mangrove flies are 

 suspected to be the intermediary hosts. 



This filaria was found by P. Manson in the blood of several negroes 



