ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES 333 



the male is lancet-shaped, in consequence of an expansion of the cuticle, 

 with four pairs of pedunculated external papillae and a number of unpe- 

 dunculated inner papillae ; the spicules are unequal ; the female has two 

 ovaries ; vulva in the anterior region of the body. It lives in the intestine, 

 and more especially in the stomach, of carnivorous mammals, birds and 

 reptiles. 



Physaloptera caucasica, v. Linstow, 1902. 



The male measures 14*2 mm. in length and 0*71 mm. in 

 breadth ; the bursa is broad, rounded off in front and narrower at 

 the back, the right spicule measures 0*62 mm. in length, the 

 left spicule 1*76 mm. ; there are two unpedunculated papillae in 

 front of the orifice of the cloaca, four behind it and six at the 

 tail. The female measures 27 mm. in length, 1-14 mm. in breadth ; 

 the caudal extremity is rounded off ; the vulva is on the border of 

 the first and second sixth of the length of the body ; the eggs have 

 thick shells, and measure 0*057 '39 mm. It has hitherto only 

 been observed once : by Menetries in the intestine of man (Caucasus). 



(g) Fam. Ascaridce. 

 Gen. 12. Ascaris, L., 1758. 



The oral cavity is surrounded by three largish papillae, of which one is 

 in a dorsal position and the other two ventral. The male has two spicules 

 of equal length and numerous pre-anal and post-anal papillae. The vulva 

 lies in front of the middle of the body. All the species probably develop 

 direct without an intermediary host. 



i. Ascaris lumbricoides,- L., 1758. 



The colouring, in the fresh condition, is reddish-yellow or 

 greyish-yellow ; the body is of an elongated spindle shape. The 

 dorsal oral papilla carries two papillae of sense, the two ventral 

 oral papillae each one papilla of sense. The male measures from 

 15 17 25 cm. in length, and about 3 mm. in diameter ; the 

 posterior extremity is conical and bent hook-like ventrally ; the 

 spicules measure 2 mm. in length, are curved, and somewhat 

 broadened at their free end ; on each side around the orifice of 

 the cloaca there are 70 75 papillae, of which seven pairs are post- 

 anal. The testicular tube is much folded on itself, shows through 

 the body integument and is about eight times the length of the 



1 Linstow, v., " Zwei neiic Paras, d. Mensch." (C. f. B., P. u. I. [i], 1902, xxxi., 

 Orig., p. 769). 



