550 FACIAL ANGLE I SPECIAL ENDOWMENTS OF MAN. 



in the different species of the Monkey tribe, it varies from 

 about 65 to 30 (fig. 293) ; and as we descend still lower, we 

 find it still more acute. In the Horse and Boar, for example, 

 it becomes impossible to draw a straight line from the fore- 



Fig. 293. SKULL OP MACACOS. Fig. 294. SKULL OF BOAR. 



head to the upper jaw ; in consequence of the retreating 

 character of the former, and the projection of the nose ; this 

 will be evident from an examination of fig. 294. In Birds, 

 Reptiles, and Fishes, the facial angle, when it can be mea- 

 sured, is found to be still further diminished. 



721. It appears, then, that the mind of Man differs from, 

 that of the lower animals, rather as to the degree in which the 

 reasoning faculties are developed in him, than by anything 

 peculiar in their kind. Among the more sagacious Quadrupeds, 

 it is easy to discover instances of reasoning as close and pro- 

 longed as that which usually takes place in early childhood ; 

 and it is only with the advance of age and the maturity of 

 the powers, that the superiority of Man becomes evident. The 

 foundation of this superiority lies in the power of self-direc- 

 tion and self-improvement which Man possesses. No race 

 among the lower animals ever exhibits a spontaneous ten- 

 dency to the elevation of its mental powers. When placed 

 under new circumstances, and especially when subjected to 

 Human training, the domesticable races acquire new capa- 

 cities ; and individuals frequently display a very extra- 

 ordinary degree of sagacious appreciation of matters quite 

 foreign to their natural habits of life. But neither in races 

 nor in individuals are these powers transmitted from one 

 generation to another, when, left to themselves, they return 

 to anything like a state of nature. In Man, on the other 

 hand, the power which every rightly-constituted and rightly- 



