INDEX. 



597 



Epileptic fits, 473. 



Epithelium, structure of, 40 ; action of, 

 in secretion, 41, 42, 355. 



Eunice, 314. 



Eustachian tube, 516, 517. 



Evaporation from surface, 370373; 

 cooling effects of, 372, 373. 



EXCRETION, objects of, 345351 ; mate- 

 rials of, formed in the blood, 351; effects 

 of retention of, 351. 



Exhalation of moisture from the lungs, 

 343 ; from the skin, 371 374; amount 

 of, 374. 



Eye, an optical instrument, 532, 543 

 553; structure of, in Man, 533 536; 

 muscles of, 538 ; motions of, 538, 539 ; 

 aberration corrected in, 547, 549 ; 

 adaptation of to distance, 550, 551; 

 limits of vision by, 554 ; common sen- 

 sibility of, 571 ; long and near-sighted, 

 62, 553; peculiar structure of, in 

 Articulata, 573 575; deficient in seme 

 Vertebrata, 572; rudiments of, in the 

 lower animals, 575. 



Eyelids, uses of, 537. 



Flying Phalanger, 668. 



Squirrel, 668. 



Follicles, of mucous membrane, 41. 

 of glands, 42, 355, 356. 



Food of Animals, 7, 8 ; derived from 

 Plants, 144 147; from Animals, 148 

 150; chemical nature of, 153, 154, 164; 

 mineral ingredients of, 166, 167. 



demand for, 140, 141 ; economy 



of, 165. 



Food-yolk, 736, 752, 754. 



Foot, structure of, 648, 649. 



Foraminifera, 128, 131. 



Freezing of animal bodies, 67, 405. 



Frog tribe, 86, 87 ; blood-discs of, 230 ; 

 metamorphosis of, 86, 87; change of 

 circulating system in, 287 289 ; respi- 

 ration of, 325 ; experiments on nervous 

 system of, 466, 468 ; eggs of, 755 ; de- 

 velopment of, 756. 



FulgoridB, luminousness of, 400; sound 

 emitted by, 679. 



Functions of living beings, 2 ; nutritive, 

 6 ; animal, 6 ; relation of organic and 

 animal, 425427. 



F. 



Face, bones of, 690 623; muscles of, 

 624. 



Facial angle, 719, 720. 



Fat, structure and uses of, 46,412; de- 

 position of, 157, 162; of blood, 232, 

 241. 



Fatigue, sense of, 595. 



Fertilization of ovum, 732, 734, 736. 



Fibre, muscular (see Muscular Fibre). 



Fibres, of nerves (see Nerves). 



Fibrin, composition and properties of, 

 17,18; uses of in blood, 236240. 



Fibrous membranes, 29. 



tissues, general uses of, 12 ; for- 

 mation of, 22 ; general characters of, 

 2230 ; nutrition of, 384, 390. 



Fibro-cartilages, 47. 



Fins of fishes, 666. 



Fire-flies, 397. 



FISHES, general structure of, 88 91; 

 teeth of, 188; circulation in, 286 ; re- 

 spiration in, 317, 318; air-bladder of, 

 324; luminousness of, 396; heat of, 

 405 ; electricity of, 419424; nervous 

 system of, 453 ; organs of smell of, 

 509 ; vertebral column of, 629, 630 ; 

 movements of, 666, 667; reproduction 

 of, 754, 755, 759. 



Fission, multiplication of cells by, 33; 

 of Infusoria by, 135, 725. 



Flea, leaping powers of, 594, 662. 



Flesh-fly, voracity of larva of, 141. 



Flight, action of, 667672; impossible 

 iu Man, 673. 



Flying Fish, 667. 



Lemur, 668. 



G. 



Gall-bladder, 362. 



Galloping, 660. 



Galvanic electricity, discovery of, 583. 



Ganglia, 61 (see Nervous System). 



of special sense, functions of, 



475479. 



olfactive and optic, 453456. 



Gases, poisonous, 335, 344. 

 GASTEROPODA, 107, 108,112; palate of, 



189 ; circulation in, 290; respiration in, 

 316; nervous system of, 438; develop- 

 ment of, 752. 

 Gastric follicles, 204. 



juice, 204; properties of, 207 



210; artificial, 210. 



Gavial, teeth of, 1 86. 



Gelatin, chemical compostion of, 19 ; 

 use of as food, 159 ; present in blood, 

 380. 



Gelatinous nerve-fibres, 60. 



principles of food, 153 ; des- 

 tination of, 159. 



Gemmation, multiplication by, of Plants, 

 724; of Infusoria, 725 ; of Zoophytes, 

 726; of Medusae, 726, 741 ; of Echiro- 

 dermata, 726, 741; of Articulata, 7/.7, 

 744 ; of Mollusca, 728 ; of Vertebrata, 

 729 ; antagonism of, to Generation, 

 735; (see Agamic Reproduction.) 



Gemmules of polypes, 738. 



GENERATION, sexual, essential nature 

 of, 730 733; antagonism of, to gem- 

 mation, 735; simplest form of, 734. 



Germ-cells of plants, 724; of animals, 

 732. 



Germ -yolk, 736, 752, 754. 



