INDEX. 



599 



Intelligence of Vertebrata, 73, 483485, 

 694; examples of, 695, 717; corre- 

 spondence of, with development of the 

 Cerebrum, 452, 692, 718720. 



Intervertebral substance, 631. 



Intestinal juice, 213. 



tube, motion of aliment 



through, 215; digestion continued in, 

 213, 214; relative length of, 213. 



Worms, 105 ; development of, 



742, 743. 



Invertebrata, 92 ; absorption in, 225 ; 



nature of circulating fluid in, 225, 235 ; 



heat of, 404 ; skeletons of, 598, 599. 

 Involuntary movements, 589, 590. 

 Iris, 533, 534. 

 Iron, a constituent of animal bodies, 166, 



167; of red corpuscles of blood, 232. 

 Ivory, structure and composition of, 54. 

 lulus, 103. 



J. 



Jaw, motion of, in Quadrupeds, 138 ; in 



Man, 189; articulation of, 623. 

 Jelly-fish, 120. 

 Joints, 603; dislocation of, 604. 



K. 



Kangaroo, leaping powers of, 661 ; skele- 



ton of, 661. 

 Kidneys, structure of, 357, 358, 368, 369 ; 



purposes of their excretion, 346 348, 



367. 



L. 



Labyrinth of ear, 519. 

 Lachrymal apparatus, 540, 



gland, 540. 



sac, 540. 



Lacteals, 217, 218. 



Lactic acid, 349, 367. 



Lacunae of bone, 50. 



Lamprey, 317; chorda dorsalis of, 53, 



757. 



Lampyridae, 397399. 

 Land-crabs, 315. 

 Lantern-flies, 400. 

 Larva, of Cirrhipeds, 749; of Crab, 101 ; 



of Echinodermata, 741 ; of Entozoa, 



742 ; of Insects,97, 141 ,745 ; of Medusae, 



740. 

 Larynx, 192; structure of, 680, 681 ; 



action of, (582684 ; in Birds, 685. 

 Laughing, act of, 341. 

 Leaping, 661, 662. 

 Leech, 104, 105. 

 Leg, bones and muscles of, 647. 

 Lepidosiren, 81; blood-discs of, 230; 



respiration of, 324. 

 Leverage of bones, 612 615. 

 Life, maintained by continual change, 



68. 

 Ligaments, structure of, 29. 



vocal, 681684. 



Light, emitted by living animals, 394 

 402 ; by dead bodies, 402. 



propagation of, 526 ; refraction of 



527532. 



Lirne, amount of, in bones, 49; in teeth, 

 54; in egg-shell, 169; in shells of 

 Mollusks, 169; in shells of Crustacea, 

 170. 



sources of, in animal bodies, 166 



170. 



Limulus, 100. 



Lingual nerve, 500. 



Liquids, reception of, 173. 



Liquor sanguinis, 229, 232, 236 241, 385, 

 387, 391. 



Lithic acid, 346, 348, 367. 



Liver, structure of, 356, 358, 363; circu- 

 lation in, 267, 363 ; assimilating action 

 of, 224 ; secreting action of, 364366 ; 

 formation of sugar by, 366. 



objects of its excretion, 346, 350. 



Living beings, distinctive characters of, 



15. 

 Lizard tribe, 84; reparative powers of, 



390. 



Lobster. 100 ; circulation in, 292. 

 Lock-jaw, 473. 

 Locomotion, reflex movements of, 471 ; 



organs of, 596. 

 Locusts, voracity of, 146 ; multiplication 



of prevented, 149. 

 Long-sighted eyes, 552, 553. 

 Luminousness, animal, 394-400 ; uses of, 



401; from decomposition, 402. 

 Lungs, rudimentary in Fishes, 324 ; in 



Reptiles, 325 ; in Birds, 326, 327 ; in 



Mammals, 326333. 

 Lymnaeus, parasites of, 743. 

 Lymph, coagulable, 391. 

 Lymphatics, 219, 220. 



M. 



Mactra, 113, 



Madrepore, 127. 



Malapterurus, electric, 419, 422. 



Malpighian bodies of kidney, 369. 



MAMMALS, general structure of, 77 ; di- 

 gestive apparatus in, 197 199; blood- 

 discs in, 229; circulation in, 281, 282; 

 respiration in, 328333 ; heat of, 407 ; 

 nervous system of, 456 ; reproduction 

 in, 756, 761. 



Mammary glands, structure of, 376. 



Man, food of, 163 ; stomach of, 197 ; 

 heart of, 256, 257 ; arterial system of, 

 258; quantity of air required by, 334 

 337 ; reproduction of lost parts in, 

 390; repair of injuries in, 391393; 

 heat of, 407; nervous system of, 456 

 462 ; peculiar characters of soul of, 

 721, 722. 



Mantis, actions of, 444. 



Mantle of Mollusca, 107. 



Marmot, hybernation of, 309. 



Marrow of bones, 49. 



Spinal (see Spinal Cord). 



