INDEX. 



601 



Organs of Sense (see Sensation, Organs 

 of). 



Ornithorhyncus, 186, 664. 



Otolithes, 513. 



Ovarium, 732 ; of Bird, 754. 



Ovum, structure of, 732, 733. 



Oxygen, carried by blood-corpuscles, 

 235 ; by liquor sanguinis, 241 ; ab- 

 sorbed in respiration, 300306, 343, 

 346 ; consumption of, dependent on 



muscular action, 307 309. 



Oyster, 113, 316, 437. 



P. 



Palates of Gasteropods, 189. 



Palpi of Insects, 172, 503. 



Palsy of muscles, 586 58S. 



Paludina, 112. 



Pancreatic fluid, use of in digestion, 213. 



Papillae of skin, 37, 490; of tongue, 500. 



Parotid gland, 356. 



Paxy-waxy, 29. 



Pecten, nervous system of, 110, 437. 



Pectinibranchiata, development of, 752. 



Pedal ganglia, of Mollusks, 437, 438; of 

 Articulata, 446. 



Pelvis, 645. 



Penguin, G67. 



Pentacrinoid-larva of Comatula, 741. 



Perch, skeleton of, 666. 



Pericardium, 43. 



Peristaltic movement of intestines, 215, 

 579. 



Peritoneum, 43. 



Perspiration, 371374. 



Pharyngeal ganglia, of Mollusks, 438; 

 of Articulata, 446. 



Pharnyx, 192. 



Phosphorescence of the sea, 394, 395. 



Phosphorus in animal bodies, 166; 

 sources of, 167; light produced by. 

 402. 



Pia mater, 458. 



Pigment, black, of eye, 533; use of, 545 



Pigment-cells, 533. 



Pitch of sound, dependent on number 

 of vibrations, 523, 682. 



Placenta of Mammals, 761. 



Planaria, reparative power of, 389. 



PLANTS, general comparison of with 

 Animals, 6 12 ; afford food to Ani- 

 mals, M4 147; resemblance of their 

 life to organic life in Animals, 425, 

 426. 



Plastron, of Turtles, 83. 



Plethoric state of body, 233. 



Pleura, 328. 



Pneumogastric nerve, 459, 470. 



Podura, leaping power of, 662. 



Poisonous gases, 344. 



Polijcystina, 132. 



Polype, fresh-water (see Hydra). 



POLYPIFEUA, 121125 (see Zoophytes). 



Polyzoa, 115; gizzard of, 202; circula- 



tion of, 295 ; gemmation of, 728 ; de- 

 velopment of, 752. 



Pompilus, nest of, 703. 



PORJFERA, 136, 137; circulation in, 296. 



Portal system of blood-vessels, 267, 366. 



Poulp, 316, 448. 



Primitive trace, 757. 



Prehension, act of, 171173, 643, 674. 



Projection, idea of, to what due, 560 562. 



Proteus, blood-discs of, 230, 231. 



PROTOZOA, 128 ; movements of, 577. 



Pseudopodia, 130, 131. 



Pterodactylus, 669. 



PTEROPODA, 122. 



Pulmonary circulation, 268. 



Pulse, 276; influence of posture on, 655. 



Pupa, of insect, 97. 



Pupil, 553 ; dilatation and contraction 

 of, 534. 



Pus, 393. 



Q. 



Quadrumana, extremities of, 643, 648, 



674. 

 Queen-bee, 712, 714, 716, 747. 



R. 



Rabbit, teeth of, 177; movements of, 661. 



RADIATA, general characters of, 116, 

 117; stomach of, 203 ; nervous system 

 of, 434. 



Radius, 639. 



Ray, pecuuar swimming of, 666. 

 electric, 419. 



Red Corpuscles of blood (see Blood- 

 Corpuscles). 



Reflex actions, 195, 340, 430, 692; in 

 Mollusca, 436. 439 ; in Articulata, 442 

 445, 693; In Vertebrata, 451; the 

 spinal cord their instrument, 464 

 474 ; dependent on stimuli, 466 ; not 

 dependent on sensation, 467 469. 



Refraction of light, 527 532. 



Relief, perception of, 560562. 



Rennet, action of, 15; nature of, 199. 



Repair of injuries, 389393. 



Reproduction (see Development, Gemma- 

 tion, and Generation). 



REPTILES, general characters of, 81 

 87; teeth of, 187; blood-discs in, 430; 

 circulation in, 284, 285 ; respiration in, 

 325; importance'of skin, as respiratory 

 organ in, 325 ; heat of, 406 ; nervous 

 system of, 454; vertebral column of, 

 629 ; reproduction of, 756 760. 



Republican Grosbeak, 710. 



Resistance, sense of, 496. 



RESPIRATION, 299; use of blood-cor- 

 puscles in, 235 ; necessity for, 297 ; in 

 aquatic animals, 298 ; changes pro- 

 duced by, in air, 300302, 334336; 

 in blood, 303306; related to nervo- 

 muscular activity, 307 ; energy of, in 



