602 



INDEX. 



Birds, Mammalia, and Insects, 308 ; 

 small amount of, in cold-blooded ani- 

 mals, 309, 310; no special provision 

 for in lowest, 311 ; uses of cilia in, 

 319, 329; an excreting process, 345, 

 346 ; subservient to maintenance of 

 heat, 412 414; in embryo, 760, 761. 

 Respiratory apparatus of Annelida, 314 ; 

 of aquatic Insects, 315; of Crustacea, 

 315 ; of Mollusca, 316, 320; of Fishes, 

 317, 318, 324; of Myriapoda, 320; of 

 Insects, 321 322; of Arachnida, 323; 

 of Reptiles, 325; of Birds, 326, 327; 

 of Mammals, 328333; of embryo, 

 760, 761. 



movements, 331334, 340 



342. 



surface, extension of, 312; pro- 

 longation of, externally, into gills, 313; 

 internally into lungs, 313. 



system of nerves, in Articu- 



lata, 446; in Mollusca, 437, 438; in 

 Vertebrata, 450. 



Rete mucosum, 38. 



Retina, 535; yellow spot of, 554; in- 

 sensible spot of, 554. 



Rhizopods, 129 ; substance of, 64. 



Rhythmical movements, 578, 581. 



Ribs, 633. 



Rodentia, teeth of, 177. 



Rooks, benefit of, 148. 



Rotifera, 105; reproduction of, 750; 

 drying up of, 66. 



Ruminating Animals, stomach of, 198; 

 foot of, 652. 



Runningj act of, 66C. 



Saccharine aliments, 153 ; destination of, 

 155 157, 162; conversion of, into olea- 

 ginous, 156. 



Sacrum, 624, 645. 



Salamander, 732. 



Saliva, secretion of, 190; union of with 

 food, 191. 



Salpa, reproduction of, 728. 



Salt, use of, 166, 167. 



Sandhopper, 100. 



Sanguification, 222224. 



Sarcode, 128. 



Saunderson, case of, 496. 



Scapula, 634, 635, 637. 



Sclerotic coat, 533. 



Scurvy, 165. 



Seal, 664, 665. 



Sebaceous follicles, 38, 375. 



SECRETION, general nature of, 245; act 

 of, performed by cells, 42, 354 ; distin- 

 guished from excretion, 352 ; influence 

 of mind upon, 353 ; transference of, 

 361. 



Secreting follicles, 355, 356. 



membranes, 355. 



tubes, 357, 358. 



Segmentation of yolk, 736, 756. 



Semicircular canals., 518, 520. 



Semilunar valves, 273. 



Sensation, 432, 486 ; organs of, 9 ; general, 

 487 ; special, 488, 489 ; dependent on 

 supply of blood, 63, 487; modes of 

 exciting, 487, 488. 



Sensori-motor actions, 430. 



Sensorium, 429, 486. 



Sensory ganglia, 452 ; functions of, 475 

 479. 



Serous membranes, structure of, 28; 

 arrangement of, 43. 



Serpents, 85, 203; lung of, 325; verte- 

 bral column of, 629. 



Serpula, 314. 



Serum of blood, 238. 



Shark, teeth of, 188; brain of, 453. 



Shell of Mollusca, 106 ; of Crustacea, 

 99, 170; of Bird's egg, 755. 



Siamese twins, 729. 



Sighing, 341. 



Sight, sense of, 526575 (see Vision). 



Silk-worm, voracity of larva of, 141. 



Single Vision, 559. 



Sitting posture, 654, 655. 



Size, visual estimate of, 566. 



Skeleton, position of, in different animals, 

 598; internal, of Vertebrata, 71, 599; 

 external, of Articulata, 93, 598; of 

 Mollusca, 106, 598; of Radiata, 118, 

 124, 127, 131, 132, 598; of Man, 616; 

 of Camel, 644; of Bird, 669; of Perch, 

 666 ; of Kangaroo, 661 ; of Seal, 664; 

 of Dugong, 664 ; of Bat, 669 ; of Pteio- 

 dactylus, 669. 

 articulation of pieces of, 601 605. 



Skin, structure of, 36 38; exhalation 

 from, 370 374 ; secretions from, 375 ; 

 sensory papillae of, 37, 490 ; sensibility 

 of, 491495. 



Skull, bones of, 617619. 



Sloth, peculiar arterial distribution in, 

 264. 



Slug, 106, 107. 



Smell, sense of, 504509; concerned in 

 taste, 501. 



Snail, 106, 107; torpidity of, 67; respi- 

 ration of, 320 ; reparative power of, 389. 



Sneezing, 342, 508. 



Sobbing, 341, 



Societies of animals, 706 711. 



Song of animals, 686. 



Soul of Man, 721, 722. 



Sounds, propagated by vibrations, 510 

 512; produced by insects, 676679; by 

 larynx, 682 ; pitch of, dependent on 

 number of vibrations, 523, 682. 



Spatangus, 142. 



Spectacles, choice of, 553. 



Speech, articulate, 686691. 



Spermatozoids, 731. 



Sperm-cells, of plants, 724 ; of animals, 

 730,731. 



Spherical aberration, 546, 547. 



Sphinx atropos, sound produced by, 678. 

 ligustri, nervous system of, 441. 



