April, 1932] Agricultural Research in N. H. 13 



nuts, marshmallows, jam, etc. Confections of this type run much 

 higher in fuel value than is ordinarily supposed, and accounted for 

 from 13 to 29 per cent, of the total energy intake of the day. 



Improved methods of using the oxy-calorimeter in determining ener- 

 gy and protein content of mixed meals were developed. 



The amount of waste was found to vary greatly with the individual 

 and also with the fraternity houses. At one sorority house, a newly 

 organized group of women trying to keep their expenses at a minimum 

 wasted only 3 per cent, of the energy content and 4 per cent, of the 

 protein content of the purchased food served. The results of the study 

 have been published in Bulletin 261. (Purnell Fund) 



Control of Apple Scab 



Calcium sulphide, which has given promising evidence in control 

 of apple scab in Virginia orchards, does not work so satisfactorily under 

 northern conditions, finds 0. Butler. In a comparison of it with lime 

 sulphur on Mcintosh, plots were sprayed five times. Calcium arsenate 

 was used at the rate of 1 pound to 50 gallons of solution when an arseni- 

 cal was required. The trees sprayed with calcium sulphide did not 

 present at any time a better appearance than those sprayed with lime- 

 sulphur solution. No spray injury was caused by either the lime-sul- 

 phur solution or the calcium sulphide, but the scab control obtained 

 with the latter was inadequate. 



The 1-50 lime sulphur trees gave 25 per cent, scabby fruit; the 5-50 

 calcium sulphide trees, 91 per cent. ; and the 10-50 calcium sulphide 

 trees, 79 per cent. 



It is believed that the protection obtained with calcium sulphide is 

 much affected by the degree of moisture in the circumambient air and 

 the amount of dew-fall. Cool nights and heavy dews which are com- 

 mon in New Hampshire during the early part of the growing season 

 probably destroy its fungicidal properties rapidly. 

 Apple-Scab Needs Humidity 



Apple scab perithecia do not develop at any temperature when the 

 humidity is less than 90 per cent, saturation, finds S. Dunn ; and at 

 90 per cent, saturation only slight development occurred at 10°C. In 

 a saturated atmosphere, 16 days after storage scabbed leaves developed 

 numerous perithecia at 10°C. and very few at 20°C, but none at 

 5° to 7°C. or at 8°. (Hatch Fund) 



Study of Bitter-Pit 



Bitter-pit of apples is much worse in years of light crops, observes 

 O. Butler. The trees in all the plots bore heavily in 1930, and the per 

 cent, of bitter-pit in the fruit was low. Up to the present the various 

 fertilizer treatments applied since 1924 have not affected the amount 

 of bitter-pit present, but the addition of lime to a fertilizer has tended 

 to decrease the percentage. The disease is, however, much more af- 

 fected by the bearing habit of the tree than by the treatments given. 



Baldwin apples which at harvest time are quite free from bitter-pit, 

 at times become very badly affected during storage. A study of effect 



