CONCERNING EYES 191 



orange, green, blue, gray; and these four again 

 into five varieties each. The symmetry of such 

 a classification suggests at once that it is an arbi- 

 trary one. Why orange, for instance? Light 

 hazel, clay color, red, dull brown, cannot prop- 

 erly be called orange ; but the division requires the 

 five supposed varieties of the dark pigmented eye 

 to be grouped under one name, and because there 

 is yellow pigment in some dark eyes they are all 

 called orange. Again, to make the five gray varie- 

 ties the lightest gray is made so very light that 

 only when placed on a sheet of white paper does it 

 show gray at all; but there is always some color 

 in the human skin, so that Broca's eye would ap- 

 pear absolutely white by contrast a thing un- 

 heard of in nature. Then we have the green, be- 

 ginning with the palest sage green, and up through 

 grass green and emerald green, to the deepest sea 

 green and the green of the holly leaf. Do such 

 eyes exist in nature ? In theory they do. The blue 

 eye is blue, and the gray gray, because in such eyes 

 there is no yellow or brown pigment on the outer 

 surface of the iris to prevent the dark purple pig- 

 ment the uvea on the inner surface from being 

 seen through the membrane, which has different 

 degrees of opacity, making the eye appear gray, 

 light or dark blue, or purple, as the case may be. 

 When yellow pigment is deposited in small quan- 

 tity on the outer membrane, then it should, accord- 

 ing to the theory, blend with the inner blue and 

 make green. Unfortunately for the anthropolo- 



