THE SIMPAI AND ENTELLUS. 39 



apes. Besides these external distinctions, there are many remarkable peculiarities in 

 the anatomy of the internal organs, which also serve to settle the position of the animal 

 in the order of nature. Among these internal organs, the stomach displays the most 

 remarkable construction, being very large, and divided into compartments that bear 

 some resemblance to those in the stomach of ruminating animals. 



These monkeys are distributed through several parts of the world, the Simpai making 

 its residence in Sumatra. 



This is a beautiful little animal, and is pleasing both for elegance of shape, and the 

 contrasting tints with which its fur is decorated. The prevailing color of the body is 

 a light chestnut, with a perceptible golden tinge, showing itself when the light falls 

 obliquely on the fur. The inside of the limbs and the abdomen are not so bright as 

 the rest of the body, but take a most sober tint of gray. At the top of the head the 

 hair is straight, and is set on nearly perpendicularly, so as to form a narrow crest. 

 The color of the crest, together with that of a narrow band running over the eyes and 

 temples, is black. From this conspicuous peculiarity, the Simpai is also called the 

 Black-crested Monkey. The name Presbytes signifies an old man, and is given to 

 these monkeys on account of the wizened, old-fashioned aspect of their countenances. 

 The term " melalophos " is literally " black-crested," and therefore a very appropriate 

 name for this species. 



The length of this animal, measured from the nose to the root of the tail, is about 

 twenty inches, and that of the tail itself is not very far from three feet. Its fur is very 

 soft and glossy. 



Several allied species are rather celebrated among furriers for the beauty of their 

 natural garments, and suffer much from the hunters. A well-known example, the 

 Negro Monkey, sometimes called the Moor, or the Budeng (Presbytes Maura), furnishes 

 the long black monkey-fur that is put to so many uses. Jet black as is the long silky 

 fur of an adult Budeng, it is of a very different color when the creature is young. The 

 fur of the very young Negro Monkey is of a yellowish red color, and the black tint 

 appears first on the hands, whence it spreads up the arms, across the shoulders, and 

 by degrees creeps over the whole body. 



It is a native of Java, and is a gregarious animal, being found in troops of fifty or 

 more in number, and extremely noisy on the approach of a human being. In temper 

 it is said to be morose and sulky, so that, in spite of its beautiful coat, it is seldom 

 domesticated. In such a case a bad temper must be a positive blessing to a 

 monkey. 



Not only for the skins are these monkeys valuable. Their teeth are in some favor 

 for the composition of ornaments, being pierced and curiously strung together. 



There is another substance which is furnished by some individuals among this group 

 of monkeys, but is not always found in them. This is the bezoar, a substance which 

 was long in high esteem for the cure of disease, and even now is used for that purpose 

 by the physicians of the East. The word bezoar is originally " bad-zahr," or poison- 

 expeller, and was applied to this substance as it was supposed to possess extraordinary 

 virtue in destroying the effects of poison, whether administered internally, or applied 

 to the bite of serpents, or the wounds caused by poisoned weapons. The bezoars are 

 concretions, chiefly of phosphate of lime, which are found in the stomachs of many 

 ruminating animals, the most valuable being those of the Persian wild goat. So highly 

 valued were the last, that they were sold for ten times their weight in gold. 



Those of the Asiatic monkeys are considered the most valuable of all the bezoars, 

 as, although small in size, they are powerful in quality. It is a somewhat remarkable 

 circumstance that these monkeys, with their approximation to the ruminant stomach, 

 should produce the same description of substance that was formerly thought to be the 

 special produce of the ruminating animals. 



A well-known example of this group of monkeys is the HOONUMAN, or ENTELLUS. 

 This is a considerably larger animal than the Simpai, as the adult Hoonuman measures 

 three or four feet from the nose to the root of the tail, and the tail itself rather exceeds 

 the body in length. The color of this monkey when young is a grayish brown, except- 

 ing a dark brown line along the back and over the loins. As the animal increases 



