COMPENDIUM OF GENERIC DISTINCTIONS. 



77: 



Genus. STREPERA. Bill, keel rounded and elevated at 

 base. Wings, fourth and fifth quills longest, first very 

 short. Tail squared. Habitat Australia. 



Sub-family. Garrulinae. Bill moderate, compressed, 

 keel suddenly curved at tip. Wings moderate, rounded. 

 Tail various. Tarsi moderate, strongly scaled, toes long. 



Genus. GARRULUS. Bill not so long as head ; nostrils 

 hidden by plumes. Wings, fourth, fifth, and sixth quills 

 longest. Tail nearly even. Outer toe longer than inner ; 

 hind toe long and strong. Habitat Old World. 



Genus. CYANOCORAX. Bill slightly compressed, nostrils 

 partly hidden by plumes. Wings, fourth to sixth quills 

 longest. Tail long and rounded. Habitat New World. 



Genus. ClSSA. Bill large, keel elevated, tip hooked, 

 sides much compressed ; nostrils partly covered with plumes. 

 Wings, fourth and fifth quills longest. Tail long and gra- 

 duated. Outer toe little longer than inner. Habitat 

 India and Archipelago. 



Sub-family. Calleatinse. Bill short, much curved above, 

 sides compressed. Wings short and rounded. Tail long 

 and graduated. Tarsi broadly scaled in front. 



Genus. TEMNURUS. Bill, nostrils small, rounded, hidden 

 by plumes and bristles. Wings, fourth to sixth quills 

 longest. Outer toe longer than inner. Habitat India. 



Genus. CRYPSIKHINA. Bill, tip notched, base and nos- 

 trils hidden by plumes. Wings, fifth and sixth quills 

 longest. Outer toe longer than inner. Habitat India, 



Sub-family. Corvinae. Bill, base broad, rather curved 

 above. Wings long and rounded. Tail various. Tarsi 

 broadly scaled in front. Toes moderate, strong ; two exte- 

 rior equal. 



Genus. NUCIFRAGA. Bill long, nostrils at sides of base, 

 and covered by bristles. Wings, fourth and fifth quills 

 longest. Tail moderate, rounded on sides. Toes long, 

 strong, and broadly scaled. Habitat Europe and Asia. 



Genus. PICA. Bill long, tip slightly hooked ; nostrils 

 rounded and hidden by bristles. Wings, fourth and fifth 

 quills longest, first very short. Tail long and graduated. 

 Tarsi long, toes short and strong. Habitat Old World and 

 North America. 



Genus. CORVUS. Bill strong and mostly long ; nostrils 

 covered by bristly plumes, except when forehead bare. 

 Wings long and pointed, third and fourth quills longest. 

 Habitat Most parts of world. 



Genus. PICATHARTES. Bill rather flattened ; nostrils in 

 large membranous groove and exposed, upper part of head 

 and cheeks bare. Wings, sixth and seventh quills longest. 

 Tail, very long and rounded. Tarsi long and slender. 

 Habitat Africa. 



Sub-family. Gymnoderinae. Bill straight, rather flat- 

 tened, sides compressed to tip ; nostrils in membranous 

 groove. Wings long and pointed. Tail moderate and 

 rounded. Tarsi long, transversely scaled. Toes long, outer 

 nearly equal to middle ; claws long, curved, and sharp. 



Genus. GYMNODERUS. Bill rather short, broad at base, 

 groove of nostrils clothed with down. Wings, third to fifth 

 quills longest. Tail even. Sides of neck bare, head and 

 front of neck scantily clothed with down. Habitat 

 Guiana, &c. 



Genus. CEPHALOPTERUS. Bill long, opening of nostrils 

 large. Male with large overhanging crest on head, breast 

 bare with pendulous pencil of plumes. Wings, third quill 

 longest. Habitat Brazil. 



Sub-Family. Pyrrhocoracinae Bill long, slender, curved; 

 nostrils hidden by broad plumes. Wings long and pointed. 

 Tail long. 



Genus. CORACIA. Wings, fourth quill longest. Tail 

 moderate, nearly equal. Tarsi short, broadly scaled in 

 front, exterior toes nearly equal. Habitat Europe and 

 Asia. 



Family. PARADISEID^. Bill long, strong, curved 

 above ; nostrils hidden by short plumes. Wings long and 

 rounded. Tarsi with single long scale. Outer toe longer 

 than inner, united to middle at base, hind toe very long, 

 claws long and curved. 



Genus. PARADISEA. Bill, sides compressed to tip. 

 Wings, fourth to seventh quills longest. Tail long anu 

 broad. Tarsi rather long. Sides of neck, breast, body, tail, 

 and sometimes head with long drooping feathers. Habitat 

 New Guinea. 



Family. STTJRNID.ffi Bill, sides compressed. Wings 

 long and pointed. Tail rather long. Tarsi strong and broadly 

 scaled in front. Toes long and strong, hind toe very long. 



Sub-family. Ptilonorhynchinae. Bill moderate ; uppei 

 mandible scooped at tip. 



Genus. PTILONORHYNCHUS. Bill, nostrils sunken, large, 

 nearly covered by plumes. Wings, fourth and fifth quills 

 longest, three first graduated. Tail, short, even. Outer toe 

 longer than inner. Habitat Australia. 



Genus. CHLAMYDERA. Bill, nostrils rounded, exposed, 

 in a membrane. Wings, third and fourth quills longest, 

 first two unequal. Tail long and rounded. Habitat Aus- 

 tralia. 



Genus. ASTRAPIA. Bill, sides much compressed ; nos- 

 trils sunken, partly hidden by plumes. Wings, third and 

 fourth (?) quills longest. Tail very long, and deeply gra- 

 duated. Habitat New Guinea. 



Sub-family. Graculinse- Bill broad at base, much com- 

 pressed, slightly curved above ; notrils exposed. Wings 

 long, first quill short, third and fourth longest. Tail short. 

 Tarsi short. Toes long. 



Genus. GRACULA. Bill long. Wings, first quill rudi- 

 "mental. Tail various. Tarsi strong, hind toe very long. 

 Parts of head bare. Habitat India, New Guinea. 



Sub-family. Buphaginas. Bill moderate, broad, slightly 

 flattened above ; nostrils partly closed by membrane. Tail 

 long, graduated, each feather pointed. Tarsi short and 

 strong. Toes moderate. 



Genus. BUPHAGA. Bill, sides of lower mandible very 

 broad, projecting under eyes. Wings, third quill longest. 

 Habitat Africa. 



Sub-family. Sturninse. Bill, tip rather blunt and flat- 

 tened ; nostrils in membranous groove. Tail short. Tarsi 

 long. Toes long and strong. 



Genus. PASTOR. Bill, groove of nostrils clothed with 

 short feathers. Wings, second quill longest, first spurious. 

 Tail even. Tarsi transversely scaled. Habitat Asia, Africa, 

 and temperate Europe. 



Genus. STURNUS. Bill sharp, straight, and conical groove 

 of nostrils feathered. Wings, second quill longest, third 

 nearly as long, first spurious. Habitat Most parts of 

 world. 



Sub-family. Quiscalinae. Bill long, slightly curved at 

 tip ; nostrils in triangular groove. Tail long and graduated. 

 Hind toe long. 



Genus. QCISCALUS. Bill, upper mandible overhanging 

 lower ; nostrils oval, partly closed by membrane. Wings, 

 second to fourth quills longest. Tail, sides turned up. 

 Habitat North America. 



Sub-family. Icterinae. Bill rather long. Tail long. 

 Tarsi moderate and broadly scaled. Toes moderate and 

 strong. 



Genus. CACICUS. Bill advancing in crescent on fore- 

 head, sides compressed, tip sharp ; nostrils oval, pierced in 

 bill. Wings, third and fourth quills longest. Tail graduated. 

 Habitat Tropical America. 



Genus. XANTHORNIS. Bill arched, upper mandible ad- 

 vancing in point on forehead ; nostrils covered with mem- 

 brane. Wings, third and fourth quills longest, second nearly 

 as long. Tail wedge-shaped. Habitat America and West 

 Indies. 



Genus. YPHANTES. Bill, upper mandible advancing in 

 point on forehead ; nostrils oval, covered with membrane. 

 Wings, second and third quills longest, first nearly equal. 

 Tail squared. Habitat North America. 



Sub-family. Agelainae. Bill very conical, flattened above. 

 Tarsi long as middle toe. Toes long, slender, outer united 

 at base to middle 



