CLASS. REPTILES. 



A. nimah with distinct bony skeleton Skin clothed with horny plates or scales, covered, with thin epidermis ; often 

 shed periodically Respiration by lungs Heart with two auricles ; single ventricle divided into cells 

 Young produced from eggs; sometimes hatched before birth The young resemble the parent, and undergo 

 no transformation. 



Section. SHIELDED REPTILES (CATA- 

 PHRACTA). Body covered with square imbedded shields. 

 Bones of skull thick, hard, and united into solid mass. 

 Bones of jaws united and solid. Young hatched after birth 

 by egg. 



Order. CHELARIANS Body enclosed in a case 

 formed of the bones of the thorax, the limbs and head 

 protruding. Jaws without teeth, and covered with horny 

 {pat. 



Family. TESTTTDINID-ffi. Feet club-shaped, claws 

 blunt. Shields at tail curved inwards and united together. 

 Neck retractile. 



Genus. TEST u DO. Thorax convex, rather globular, and 

 solid. Breastbone solid, with twelve shields ; those of the 

 throat separated. Five toes on fore feet, four on the hinder 

 pair. Most warm parts of the world. 



Genus. PYXIS. Thorax solid. Front lobe of breastbone 

 moveable, plates of breast twelve. Madagascar. 



Family. EMYDID-ffi. Head flattened, covered with 

 skin. Neck retractile, vertebrae bent in perpendicular bow. 

 Feet flat and broad, claws sharp. Tail conical and shielded 

 beneath. Thorax solid, with horny plates. Egg oblong and 

 white. 



Genus. EMYS. Head and tail moderate. Breastbone 

 solid and deeply notched behind. Head with thin hard 

 skin. Toes, five on fore limbs, four on hind pair, webbed to 

 claws. Europe, Africa, Asia, and America. 



Genus. MALACLEMYS. Head with soft skin, toes as in 

 preceding genus. America. 



Genus. CISTUDA. Breastbone divided by a single suture 

 across the centre, and rounded in front. Southern Europe, 

 America, and Asia. 



Genus. KINOSTEBNON. Breastbone divided by two cross 

 sutures. Chin bearded. Feet and tail nearly naked. 

 America. 



Genus. GHELYDEA. Head very large, covered with hard 

 wrinkled skin. Breastbone slender, sharp at each end, 

 cross- like and leathery in the middle. Chin with two beards. 

 Tail crested. America. 



. Family. CHELIDID^I. Head flat, broad ; nostrils long 

 and tubular; jaws horny. Neck long, and bent under side 

 of shell during repose. Feet webbed, and lobes between 

 the claws ; claws long and sharp. Shell rather flat. Pelvis 

 large. 



Genus. CHELODINA. Head large and lengthened ; neck 

 very long, covered with thin skin. Claws, four on each foot. 

 Breastbone broad, rounded in front, with a notch behind. 

 Australia. 



Genus. CHELY8.->,Head very flat, and fringed with 

 wart-like appendages ; nose elongated at proboscis ; jaws 

 with soft lips. Neck thick, flat, long, and bearded at each 

 aide. Tail short. South America. 



Family. TEIONYCIDJE. Head flat and oval, jaws with 

 hanging fleshy lips, chin not bearded. Neck long and con- 

 tractile. Toes, five on each foot ; claws, three. Tail short. 

 Shell covered with hard gristly skin ; breastbone ring- 

 shaped, covered with skin, and armed with sharp tubercles 

 in the adult. 



Genus. TRIONYX. Head narrow in front. Breastbone 

 narrow at each end, edge of shield flexible ; eight pair of 

 ribs. North America. 



Genus. TYRSE. Ribs eight pair ; rest as in Trionyx. 

 Europe, Asia, and Africa. 



Genus. DOGANIA. Head very large, broad behind, nar- 

 row in front. Ribs, eight pair, united into solid disc when 

 adult. Asia. 



Family. CHELONIAD^B. Head rounded, shielded ; 

 jaws naked and horny. Feet very long, front pair largest, 

 not retractile, flat, and pin-shaped ; toes expanded at tips. 

 Tail short and thick. Ribs free at end. Breastbone ring- 

 like, united to thorax by gristly suture. 



Genus. SPHARGIS. Shell with leathery skin. Claws 

 wanting. West Indies. 



Genus. CAOUANA. Shell with at least fifteen horny 

 shields. Breastbone with a strong keel. Claws wanting. 

 Atlantic and most warm seas. 



Genus. CARETTA. Shell with thirteen overlapping 

 shields. Breastbone keeled on both sides. First or two 

 first toes with claws. American and Indian seas. 



Genus. CHELONIA. Shell with thirteen smooth shields, 

 not overlapping. First toe clawed. Hot seas. 



Order. EMYDOSAURI. Body elongated and 

 covered with bony plates, arranged in longitudinal rows. 

 Limbs four in number and free. Jaws with teeth, inserted 

 in sockets and replaced by others formed below them. Back 

 of neck with two sets of bony plates, the first called 

 nuchal, second cervical. Toes, four on fore legs, five on 

 hinder pair ; claws on three inner toes. 



Family. CEOCODILID^!. Lower canine teeth fitting 

 into a notch in edge of upper jaw. 



Genus. GAVIALIS. Teeth all same length ; jaws very 

 long and slender, and rounded ; nose of male inflated. 

 Plates of back and cervicle set united. Asia. 



Genus. MECISTOPS. Teeth, ninth of upper jaw and 

 eleventh of under larger than others ; jaws oblong, slender, 

 and rather flat ; nose not swollen. Cervical and dorsal 

 plates united. Hind feet webbed. Africa. 



Genus. CROCODILUS. Jaws oblong and flat. Nuchal, 

 cervical, and dorsal plates separated by little scales. Africa, 

 Asia, and America. 



Family. ALLIGATORIDyE. Canine teeth of lower jaw 

 fitting itrto a hollow in edge of upper jaw. 



