COMPENDIUM OF GENERIC DISTINCTIONS. 



781 



Sub-family. Cottinae. Spinous part of dorsal less developed 

 than soft part and anal. Body scaled or naked, or plated. 



Genus. BLEPSIAS. Head and body compressed; head 

 with tentacles, skin with prickles. Ventrals hardly visible. 



Genus. COTTUS. Head broad and flat. Scales none. 

 Dorsals moderate. No palatine teeth. 



Genus. PLATYCEPHALTTS. Head very broad. Ventrals 

 under thorax, and behind root of pectorals. First dorsal 

 spine short and separate. 



Genus. TRIGLA. Pectoral appendages three. No pala- 

 tine teeth. Scales very small. 



Sub-family. Cataphracti. Body covered with bony plates. 



Genus. AGONUS. Two dorsals, pectorals moderate; no 

 pectoral appendages. 



Genus. PERISTETHUS. Two pectoral appendages. 



Genus. DACTYLOPTERUS. Pectorals very large and used 

 for flight. 



Family. TRACHINID5!. Body long, naked, or scaled. 

 Teeth in bands, no molars or cutting teeth. Spinous portion 

 of dorsal less developed than the soft portion ; ventrals 

 with one spine and five rays. Gill-opening under, brancbio- 

 stegals five to seven. 



Genus. URANOSCOPUS. Eyes on upper_ part of head ; 

 lateral line continuous. Dorsals two. Mediterranean. 



Genus. TRACHINUS. Eyes lateral. Head not cuirassed. 

 Lateral line continuous. Cleft of mouth oblique. Two 

 dorsals, ventrals under throat. Teeth on palate. 



Genus. SILLAGO. No palatine teeth. Ventrals under 

 thorax. Rest as Trachinus. 



Genus. PERCOPHIS. Cleft of mouth horizontal, lower 

 jaw projecting. Dorsals two, ventrals under throat. 

 Palatine teeth, canines strong. Brazil. 



Family. SCLffiNID.33. Body compressed and long. 

 Scales ctenoid. Lateral line continuous. Branchiostegtt 1 ." 

 seven. Teeth in bands, none on palate ; no cutting teeth 

 or molars. Two dorsals, the soft one more developed than 

 the spinous or the anal ; anal two-spined. Pectoral rays 

 branched. 



Genus. POGONIAS. Chin with many small barbels. 

 North America. 



Genus. EQUES. No barbels. Dorsal and tail fins scaly, 

 first dorsal much elevated. Atlantic. 



Genus. SCI^ENA. No barbels. Dorsal not scaly. Upper 

 jaw equal to or larger than lower. Anal spines weak. 

 Many seas. 



Genus. CORVINA. No barbels. Anal spines strong. 

 Rest as Sciaena. Mediterranean. 



Genus. OTOLITHUS. No barbels. Lower jaw longest. 

 Canines conical. North America. 



Family. POLYNEMID.33. Lateral line continuous, ex- 

 tends along tail. Mouth under snout. Branchiostegals 

 seven. Dorsals two ; second dorsal, anal, and tail-fin covered 

 with minute scales. Several thread-like appendages below 

 pectorals. Ventrals under breast, one spine, five rays. 



Genus. POLYNEMUS. Teeth on vomer; anal fin equals 

 soft dorsal. Tropical seas. 



Family. SPHYR.33NID.ffi. Scales small and cycloid. 

 Mouth wide, teeth strong. Branchiostegals seven. Two 

 dorsals ; ventrals on abdomen. 



Genus. SPHYRJENA. As family. Temperate and tropi- 

 cal seas. 



Family. TRICHITTRID.33. Body long and compressed. 

 Both portions of dorsal and anal very long and with many 

 rays. Tail often with finlets. 



Genus. LEPIDOPUS. Ventrals wanting or very small. 

 One dorsal ; tail-fin distinct. Mediterranean, fee. 



Genus. TRICHIURUS. Tail tapering, without a fin. 

 Atlantic. 



Genus. THYRSITES. Two to six finlets. Teeth in palate. 

 South Africa. Australia. 



Family. SCOMBERID^! Body naked or scaled. Spinous 

 part of dorsal less developed than soft or anal, sometimes 

 wanting. Soft dorsal and anal often divided into finlets. 



Svb-famili/. Scomberina. Spinous portion of dorsal 

 separate. Body oblong, naked, or with very small scales. 



Genus. SCOMBER. Finlets five or six. Scales equal over 

 body. Many seas. 



Genus. THYNNUS. Finlets six to nine. Scales of breast 

 forming a corslet. Tail keeled on each side. Teeth on 

 vomer and palate. Mediterranean, Atlantic, &c. 



Genus. PELAMYS. Finlets seven to nine. Teeth on 

 palate, not on vomer. Mediterranean, Atlantic. 



Genus. Auxis. Finlets seven to nine. No teeth on 

 palate. Mediterranean, &c. 



Genus. NAUCRATES. Finlets none. First dorsal only 

 a few free spines. Tail keeled. Many seas. 



Genus. ECHENEIS. Spinous dorsal transformed into 

 sucking disc on head. Many warm seas. 



Sub-family. Cyttina. Dorsal divided, spinous part less 

 developed than the soft. Body very deep, scaled or shielded. 



Genus. ZEUS. Bony plates along bases of dorsal and 

 anal fins. Many seas. 



Sub-family. Coryphsenidae. One long dorsal. No teeth 

 in gullet. 



Genus. CORYPH^ENA. Ventrals under thorax. Dorsal 

 long, beginning on head. Scales very small. Warm seas. 



Genus. PTERACLIS. Ventrals under throat, with four 

 rays. Dorsal beginning on forehead. Warmer seas. 



Genus. LAMPRIS. Ventral fins with many rays. Tempe- 

 rate seas. 



Family. CARANGID.S3. Separated from the preceding 

 family on account of the number of vertebrae, which are ten 

 in the abdomen and fourteen in the tail, those of the Scorn- 

 beridae exceeding that number. 



Sub-family. Carangina. The soft dorsal fin and anal of 

 nearly equal extent. 



Genus. TRACHURUS. Lateral line covered with shields. 

 Many seas. 



Genus. CARANX. Lateral line partly smooth. Prse- 

 operculum toothed. Many seas. 



Family. XIPHIID-ffi. Body rather long. Teeth none, 

 or minute. Upper jaw long and sword-shaped. Ventrals 

 absent or rudimentary. Branchiostegals seven. 



Genus. XlPHlAS. Ventral fins wanting. Warm seas. 



Genus. HiSTlOPHORUS. Ventral fins present. Warm 

 seas. 



Family. GOBIID^l. Body long. Teeth mostly small. 

 Spinous portion of dorsal flexible and less developed than 

 soft part. Anal as soft dorsal. Ventrals with one spine and 

 five rays, sometimes united into a disc. 



Sub-family. Gobiiua. Ventrals united into a iisc. Two 

 dorsals. 



Genus. GOBIDS. Ventrals not adherent to abdomen. 

 Body scaled. Teeth conical and fixed. Many seas. 



Sub-family. Callionymina. Ventrals separate. Two 

 dorsals. 



Genus. CALLIONYMUS. One small gill opening on either 

 side. Prseopercuium armed. No single ventral ray. 



Family. DISCOBOLI. Body thick, surface naked or 

 with tubercles. Teeth small. Ventrals with one spine and 

 five small rays surrounded by fleshy disc. 



