COMPENDIUM OF GENERIC DISTINCTIONS. 



777 



Family. PRY ADID.-E. Body very long; tail long and 

 gradually tapering. Head distinct from neck. Shields of 

 head regular. Scales long and lancet-shaped ; two rows 

 beneath the tail. 



Genus. HERPETODRYAS. Body slightly compressed. Two I 

 nasal shields. Teeth equal and smooth. America. 



Genus. CVCLOPHIS. Body rounded ; one nasal shield. 

 Teeth equal and smooth. East Indiesand North America. 



e mis. PHILODRYAS. Hinder jaw-teeth grooved. South 

 America and Madagascar. 



Genus. DROMICUS. Hinder jaw-tooth separated from 

 others by a space, longest and not grooved. West Indies and 

 South America. 



Family. RACHIODONTID.il. Tail tapering, head short 

 and high, snout short and blunt. One nasal shield, one ante- 

 rior and two posterior oculars ; those on crown small and 

 regular. Scales keeled, lancet-shaped. Throat-teeth formed 

 by processes of neck vertebras. Africa. 



Genus. DASYPELTIS. As family. 



Family. DENDROPHID/E. Body very long and slender, 

 rather five-sided. Upper jaw longer than lower. Shields of 

 head long and regular. Scales very narrow. 



Genus. BUCEPHALUS. No keels on plates of abdomen. 

 Head stout, eyes very large. Africa. 



Genus. AH^ETULLA. Slight keels on plates of abdomen. 

 Headlong, crown flat. Africa and South America. 



Family. DRYIOPHIIXt. Body very long and slender; 

 head long, narrow ; snout lengthened. Upper jaw much 

 longer than lower ; rostral shield protruding. Scales narrow. 



Genus. DRYIOPHIS. Snout pointed, rostral solid. Africa, 

 Asia, and South America. 



Genus. PASSERITA. Snout with short flexible appendage. 

 India. 



Genus. LANGAHA. Snout with long and scaly appendage. 

 Madagascar. 



Family. DIPSADID/E. Body slender and compressed. 

 Head short and mostly triangular, sometimes squared. Shields 

 of crown blunt. 



Genus. EUDIPSAS. Head flat and triangular. Scales large 

 over vertebra. Front teeth of jaws and palate longest. South 

 America and East Indian Islands. 



Family. ELAPID^E. Head mostly squared, snout short, 

 rrown flat. No loreal shield. Scales smooth. Grooved fangs 

 immo%'able. 



Genus. CUNGARUS. Scales over vertebra hexagonal. East 

 Indies. 



Genus HAMADRYAS. One or two smooth teeth behind 

 fangs. Three pairs of large shields round occipitals. East 

 Indian Islands. 



Genus. NAJA. One or two smooth teeth behind fangs. 

 Neck distensible into a hood. East Indies and Africa. 



Genus. ELAPS. No smooth teeth behind fang. Anal scale 

 not cleft. East Indies, Africa, and America. 



Family. DENDRASPID^. Long and slender, abdomen 

 flat. Head squared and long, distinct from neck. Perforated 

 fang in front. Front tooth of lower jaw longest. 



Genus. DENDRASPIS. As family. Africa. 



Family. ATRACTASPIDID^. Body rounded, tail end- 

 ing with sharp conical spine. Head short and flat, not distinct 

 from neck. Perforated fangs in front of enormous length. 



Genus. ATRACTASPIS. As family. Africa. 



Order. BATRACHIA. Vertebrate animals, with naked 

 skin (very rarely with a few imbedded scales). Neck not dis- 

 tinct, ribs none or very short. Young subject to a metamor- 

 phosis. Breathing mostly by lungs, sometimes by gills. 



Sub-order. BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. Body short 

 and flattened : no tail. 



A . AGLOSSA, or Tongueless Batra-hians. 



Family. DACTYLETHRID.^E. Teeth in jaws ; toes 

 webbed ; sacral vertebra flattened ; no paratoids (i.e. glands 

 on sides of head). 



Genus. DACTYLBTHRA. As family. West and South j 

 Africa. 



Family. PIPID/E. No teeth in jaws; rest as last family. 



Genus. PIPA. Head flat, triangular. Female with pouches 

 on back. South America. 



B. OPISTHOGLOSS.*. Batrachia with tongue adhering to 

 the front of the lower jaw, and free behind. 



Series. With cylindrical or tapering fingers. 

 Section. With teeth in jaws ; well-developed ear. 



Family. RAN ID/E. -Toes webbed; processes of sacral 

 vertebrae cylindrical. No paratoids. 



Genus. PSBUDIS. First finger opposite to three others. 

 South America. 



Genus. TOMOPTERNA. Toes half-webbed. Two bony 

 processes on lower jaw. Flattish spur on metatarsus. South 

 Africa. 



Genus. RAN A. Finger not opposite, tongue with deep 

 notch behind. Teeth on vomer, *'.. central ndge of palate. 

 Everywhere. 



Genus. CERATOPHRYS. Horn-like process over each eye. 

 South America. 



Family. CYSTIGNATHID^E. Toes not webbed; no 

 paratoids. 



Genus. CYSTIGNATHUS. Two series of teeth on vomer. 

 America and Australia. 



Family. DISCOGLOSSID^E. Toes webbed. Processes 

 of sacral vertebras wide. No paratoids. 



Genus. DISCOGLOSSUS. Teeth of vomer in straight row. 

 Tympanum or drums of ear hidden. Shores of Mediterranean. 



Family ALYTID/E. Toes webbed. Processes of sacral 

 vertebra; wide. Paratoids. 



Genus. ALYTES. Toes slightly webbed. Europe. 



Genus. SCAPHIOPUS. Toes completely webbed. North 

 America. 



Section. No teeth in jaws. Ear perfectly developed. 



Family. BUFONID/E. Toes webbed. Processes of 

 sacral vertebrae wide. Paratoids. 



Genus. BUFO. Crown of head nearly flat, muzzle round 

 or blunt, skin smooth on sides. Paratoids large. Everywhere 

 (except Australia). 



Series. Fingers widened. 



Section. Teeth in jaws. Ear perfect. 



Family. POLYPEDATID/E. Toes webbed. Processes 

 of sacral vertebras cylindrical. No paratoids. 



Genus. ACRIS. Disks of toes small, web broad, fingers not 

 webbed. Tongue heart-shaped. North America. 



Family. HYLID/E. Processes of sacral vertebra; dilated. 

 Rest as last family. 



Genus. HYLA. Head with soft skin, fingers not opposed, 

 toes all webbed. No pouch on back of female. Everywhere. 



Genus. NoTOTREMA. Female with pouch on back. Cen- 

 tral America. 



Genus. TRACHYCEPH ALUS. Head bony above. No pouch. 

 West Indies. 



Family. PELODRYAD/E. Toes webbed. Processes of 

 sacral vertebrae dilated. Paratoids. 



Genus. PELODRYAS. As family. 



Family. PHYLLOMEDUSID/E. Toes not webbed. 

 Rest as last family. 



Genus. PHYLLOMEDUSA. As family. Australia. 

 Section. No teeth in jaws. Ear perfect. 



Family. BRACHYMERID/E. Toes not webbed. Proc- 

 esses of sacral vertebrae dilated. No paratoids. 



Genus. BRACHYMERUS. As family. South Africa. 



Family. HYLAPLESID.^E. Toes not webbed. Processes 

 of sacral vertebrae cylindrical. 



Genus. HYLAPLESIA. As family. Tropical America. 



C. PROTEROGLOSSA. Tongue free in front. 

 Section. No teeth in jaw. Ear imperfect. 



Family. RHINOPHRYNID/E. Toes webbed. Proc- 

 esses of sacral vertebras dilated. Paratoids. Muzzle trun- 

 cated. 



Genus. RHINOPHRYNUS. As family. Mexico. 



