COMPENDIUM OF GENERIC DISTINCTIONS. 



Sub-order. BA TRA CHI A GRA DIENTIA .Body long 

 and tailed. Limbs four, small, weak, and equal. Gills seldom 

 retained through life. Teeth in jaws, often in palate. Ears 

 hidden. Ribs distinct or rudimentary. Eggs isolated and 

 oval. Legs of larva developed nearly together. 



Family. SALAMANDRIDyE. Teeth of palate in two 

 longitudinal series. Tongue broad. 



Genus. SALAMANDRA. Back with series of perforated 

 warts. Paratoids large and glandular. 



Genus. TRITON. Skin granular, a series of pores along 

 part of sides. 



Genus. LOPHINUS. Skin smooth. No pores. 



Family. PLETHODONTID^E. Teeth of palate in short 

 series across end of vomers. 



Genus. ONYCHODACTYLUS. Toes four or five, not webbed, 

 furnished with claws. Hind legs dilated. Japan. 



Genus. AMBYSTOMA. Toes and fingers not clawed. 

 Tongue oblong. Tail keeled above, round below. North 

 America. 



Order. PSEUDOSAURIA. Body long, tailed, lizard- 

 like ; legs four, and rudimentary. Gills internal and rudiment- 

 ary, their apertures permanent. 



Family. PROTONOPSID^. Legs strong. Teeth of 

 palate set across in an arched series. 



Genus. PROTONOPSIS. As family. North America. 



Family. AMPHIUMIDjE. Legs weak. Teeth of palate 

 in double diverging series. 



Genus. AMPHIUMA. Two toes on each foot. North 

 America. 



Genus. MtnUENOPSIS. Three toes on each foot. 

 America. 



North 



Order. PSEUDOPHIDIA. Body snake-like. No legs. 

 Skin smooth and wrinkled, with minute imbedded scales. 



Genus. C/ECILIA. A pit under each nostril. Africa and 

 South America. 



Order. PSEUDOICTHYAS. Body fish-like, covered 

 with strong overlapping oval scales. Fur-like membranes, 

 strengthened with soft jointed rays, above and below. Legs 

 four, rudimentary. Gill external. Teeth of palate and lower 

 jaw very large. 



Genus. LEPIDOSIRBN. Fifty-five pairs of ribs. Brazil. 

 Genus. PROTOPTBRUS. Thirty-six pairs of ribs. Gambia. 



Order. MEANTIA. Body long, smooth, and naked. 

 Legs two or four, weak. Gills external and permanent. 

 Teeth on palate and lower jaw. 



Family. PROTEIDA. Legs four; tail j compressed. 

 Single series of teeth on front edge of vomer. 



Genus. PROTEUS. Head long. Three toes on fore feet, 

 four on hinder. Carniola. 



Genus. NBCTURUS. Head broad and compressed. Four 

 toes on all the feet. Mississippi. 



Family. SIRENID^E. Limbs two in front. Body nearly 

 cylindrical. Teeth in each jaw and on vomer in numerous 

 cross series. 



Genus. SIREN. Four fingers. Gills with cilia. North 

 America. 



CLASS. FISHES. 



Vertebrated animals respiring through gills, living in water Heart "with one auricle and 



one ventricle ; blood cold and red. 



Order. CHONDROPTERYGII. Skeleton cartilag- 

 inous. No sutures in skull. 



Sub-order. ELEUTHEROPOMI. Gills free. 



Family. ACIPENSERID^E. Head and skin covered at 

 intervals with cartilaginous or bony shields. 



Genus. ActPBNSBR. Nose conical and tapering; mouth 

 under muzzle, with beards. Eyes and nostrils at side. Body 

 with series of bony plates. Single dorsal fin, behind ventral 

 and over anal. Short under lobe to tail fin. Many parts of 

 world. 



Genus. SCAPHIORHYNCHUS. Nose flat, convex above, con- 

 cave below. Mouth beneath, with four beards. Five series 

 of scales on body. North America. 



Family. POLYODONTID^E. No tubercles or plates on 

 body. 



Genus. POLYODON. As family. North America. 

 Family. CHIM/ERID^. 



Genus. CHIMERA. Beak conical. Dorsal fins nearly con- 

 tiguous. Northern seas. 



Genus. CALLIORHYNCHUS. Beak ending in leaf-like ap- 

 pendage. Dorsals far apart. Southern seas. 



Sub-order. TK EMA TOP NBA .Gills fixed by their edges 

 to bars across the openings. 



Sub-section. SQUALL No frontal cartilage on skull. 

 Gill-openings at sides. 



Family. SCYLLID^E. Body long, nearly cylindrical. 

 Pectoral fins moderate. Spout-holes. Gill-openings five, the 

 last being ovor the root of the pectorals. Tail not forked ; 

 under lobe slight. 



Genus. SCYLLIUM. First dorsal between ventral and anal ; 

 second between anal and tail. Spiracles behind eyes. 



Genus. PRISTIDURUS. Snout long. Row of flattish prickles 

 on upper rim of tail. Many seas. 



Family. SQUALID^E. Body tapering to tail. Dorsals 

 one or two, first between pectoral and ventral. 



Genus. SQUALUS. Snout flat and rounded ; nostrils in the 

 middle, between the mouth and the point of the snout. 



Germs. SPHYRNIAS. Head hammer or heart-shaped, with 

 the eyes at each side. Many seas. 



Genus. GALEUS. Head flat, spiracles small. Upper lobe 

 of tail with one or two notches. Many seas. 



Genus. MUSTELUS. Spiracles large. Teeth mosaic-like. 

 First dorsal nearly in centre, tail short. Many seas. 



Genus. ISURUS. Gill-openings large and before pectorals. 

 Tail keeled on each side and crescent-shaped. Spiracles very 

 small, far behind eyes. Teeth flat and three-sided. Many 

 seas. 



Genus. CARCHARODON. Teeth three-sided, with notched 

 edges. Many warm seas. 



Genus. CETORHINUS. Snout short and blunt. Gill-open- 

 ings very large, spiracles small. Teeth minute, conical, 

 points directed backward. Skin c 



scales. Northern seas. 



covered with little pointed 



Genus. ALOPIAS. Snout short and conical. Gill-openings 

 small, the last set over the pectorals. Teeth flat, three-sided, 

 not notched. Upper lobe of tail very long, with a little pit at 

 the root. Many seas. 



Genus. ACANTHIAS. A sharp spine before each dorsal. 

 Head flat. Spiracles large. First dorsal between pectoral and 

 ventral, and second between ventral and anal. Many seas. 



Genus. DALATIAS. No spines before dorsals. Head flat 

 or compressed. Spiracles behind eyes. Gill-openings small. 

 No pit at root of tail. Many seas. 



Family. SQUATINID/E. Body flat ; eyes on upper part 

 of head. Spout-holes very large, and behind eyes. Pectorals 

 greatly expanded in front. 



Genus. SQUATINUS. As family. Many seas. 



