CHAPTER XXIII 

 THE FIGURES OF MANEGE 



THE figures of manege include all the different 

 known movements which a horse executes during 

 training or after it is trained. The number is great 

 and the character varied; but they are all com- 

 pounded from only six elements. These are: for- 

 ward, backward, turn to the right, turn to the left, 

 half haunches to the right, and half haunches to 

 the left, all done at walk, trot, and gallop. 



The masters before Baucher had a wider range of 

 figures than since his day, for the reason that they 

 trained from movement to position, instead of from 

 position to movement, as is now the practice except 

 for the army, hunting, and polo. The progression 

 for the ordinary equitation has, however, remained 

 the same, and consists of the following figures: the 

 double ; the changes of direction or changes of hand ; 

 the diagonal; the half -volte, reversed half- volte, 

 and volte; the circle, with change upon the circle 

 and change of circle; the figure eight; the half- 

 passage with head to the wall and with croup to the 

 wall; the shoulder in; the centre-change of hand. 



These movements, done at walk, trot, and gallop, 

 have long constituted, and still constitute, the com- 

 plete education of the horse. A park hack is not 

 considered fully trained until it can execute these 



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