CHESTER, MAY, 1817. 379 



Finding it impossible to elevate the parts, by reason of 

 their decayed and crumbling condition, Dr. Townsend 

 took great pains to remove the soil and examine every 

 part of the upper-jaw and head. His delineations of the 

 form and structure of these parts of the skeleton, as cor- 

 rectly as he could ascertain them, by laying them bare 

 and exploring every part, are given in fig. 1 and fig. 2. 



The flatness of the cranium, the connexion of the tusks 

 with the head by exsertion, and not by gomphosis, and 

 the insertion of the grinders in them at their origin, will 

 not fail to attract the attention of zoologists. 



My own situation on the bank, only a few feet from the 

 uncovered relicks, enables me to state my opinion of the 

 fidelity and correctness of the drawings my friend has 

 made. 



After having then taken a summary survey of the fossils 

 brought within our reach by the subsidence of the lake 

 north of the Highlands, in consequence of the breaches 

 in the dam which confined the waters, it is proper to 

 inquire what were the effects produced in the districts be- 

 low, or between that barrier and the ocean. 



From the facts which I collected and published in the 

 American Mineralogical Journal, in 1811 and 1813, it 

 appears, that the whole of Long-Island is underlaid at a 

 depth, varying from thirty to fifty feet, from its present 

 surface, with a stratum of marine sand and gravel. In 

 many places the well-diggers have found fragments of 

 clam-shells and oyster- shells. The periwinkle or murex 

 has also been discovered in New-Utrecht at the depth of 



