Farmers' Bulletin 1167. 



The chance of grandparents' dominating the inheritance of the 

 mating can not be more, and is undoubtedly much less, than 1 in 



Grading Up With Dairy Cattle. 



FIG. 21. The result cf 15 years' consistent work with purebred bulls, 

 grade Jersey herd bred up from a native foundation. 



A Mississippi 



6; the chance of a great-grandparent is less than 1 in 14; and the 

 chance of a great-great-grandparent (fourth generation) is less 



than 1 in 30, provided no in- 

 breeding occurs. In a pedigree 

 covering 10 generations (which 

 can easily be run out with almost 

 any of our well-established breeds 

 of domestic animals) there are 

 2,046 ancestors, more than half 

 of which are in the tenth genera- 



k; J^ : tion. Yet cattle are sometimes 



"^ilBto **' s ld at a premium because a 



certain cow appears in the 

 pedigree as far back as the tenth 

 generation or even further, re- 

 gardless of the merit of animals 

 much further down in the pedi- 

 gree. Or a pedigree may be 

 classed as unfashionable and the 

 animal carrying it may be dis- 

 criminated against, regardless of 



Plymouth Rock males. it s individual excellence, because 



some unpopular animal may have appeared in an extremely remote 

 generation. 



Value of Pure Blood. 



FIG. 22. In 1915 the Bureau of Animal 

 Industry purchased on the Washington 

 (D. C.) market a flock of mongrel hens. 

 These hens were mated to standardbred 

 males to show how mongrel flocks could 

 be improved by grading up. This illus- 

 tration shows a mongrel hen, and the 



