ANIMAL KINDERGARTEN 177 



from six hundred to one thousand yards, conceals itself 

 in a bottom, or among the long grass, lying down very 

 close, with the neck stretched out horizontally.' The 

 doe remains still until the dogs approach near, when 

 she runs off in the opposite direction to that taken by 

 the fawn. These pampas deer, which are clever enough 

 to teach their young thus early, exhibit another artifice 

 which marks them as of a higher intelligence than other 

 species of deer. They have improved upon the common 

 device of enticing the dogs in another direction than 

 that taken by their young, just as they have improved 

 upon the instinct common to all young fawns of lying 

 still for concealment. The pampas deer feign lameness 

 in order to draw the dogs away, a trick common among 

 birds, but not used, so far as the writer is aware, by 

 any other quadruped. 



Young birds' education, in this particular direction, 

 begins literally ab ovo. The same observer noted that 

 in three widely differing species the young, when 

 chipping the shell, instantly ceased their strokes, and 

 the cry with which this effort is accompanied, when the 

 old bird uttered its warning note. This he considers 

 to be ' a proof that the nestling has no instinctive 

 knowledge of its enemies, but is taught to fear them by 

 its parents.' But it may be urged that in this case the 

 knowledge of the meaning of the parent's note is also 

 instinctive ; for the nestling cannot know or realize the 



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