CONTENTS ix 



CHAPTER PAGE 



XII. PROTECTIVE RESEMBLANCES AND MIMICRY .... 201 



Protective resemblance defined, 201. General protective or 

 aggressive resemblance, 202. Special protective resemblance, 

 207. Warning colors and terrifying appearances, 212. Alluring 

 coloration, 216. Mimicry, 218. Protective resemblances and 

 mimicry most common among insects, 221. No volition in mim- 

 icry, 222. Color : its utility and beauty, 222. 



XIII. THE SPECIAL SENSES 224 



Importance of the special senses, 224 Difficulty of the study 

 of the special senses, 224. Special senses of the simplest ani- 

 mals, 225. The sense of touch, 226. The sense of taste, 228. 

 The sense of smell, 229. The sense of hearing, 232. Sound-mak- 

 ing, 235 The sense of sight, 237. 



XIV. INSTINCT AND REASON 240 



Irritability, 240. Nerve cells and fibers, 240. The brain or 

 sensorium, 241. Reflex action, 241. Instinct, 242. Classifica- 

 tion of instincts, 243. Feeding, 244. Self-defense, 245. Play, 

 247. Climate, 248. Environment, 248. Courtship, 248. Repro- 

 duction, 249. Care of the young, 250. Variability of instincts, 

 251. Reason, 251. Mind, 255. 



XV. HOMES AND DOMESTIC HABITS 257 



Importance of care of the young, 257. Care of the young and 

 communal life, 257. The invertebrates (except spiders and in- 

 sects), 258. Spiders, 259. Insects, 262. The vertebrates, 264. 



XVI. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS .... 272 



Geographical distribution, 272. Laws of distribution, 274. 

 Species debarred by barriers, 274. Species debarred by inability 

 to maintain their ground, 275. Species altered by adaptation to 

 new conditions, 276. Effect of barriers, 283. Relation of species 

 to habitat, 283. Character of barriers to distribution, 288. Bar- 

 riers affecting fresh-water animals, 294. Modes of distribution, 

 296. Fauna and faunal areas, 296. Realms of animal life, 297. 

 Subordinate realms or provinces, 303. Faunal areas of the sea, 

 304. 



CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS 307 



GLOSSARY 313 



INDEX . . 319 



