222 



ANNALS OF BIRD LIFE. 



SPECIES. 



POINTS OF DISTINCTION. 



Red-throated Pipit 



(continued} 



Richard's Pipit 



Tawny Pipit . 



Alpine Pipit . 



Short-toed Lark 



Crested Lark . 



White-winged Lark 



Meadow Pipit by white margins 

 to feathers of mantle ; dark 

 centres to under tail coverts. 

 Length 5^ inches. 



Large size; long tarsus and hind 

 claw; pure white on outer tail 

 feathers ; breast streaked. Length 

 7^ inches. 



General colour above, buffish, or 

 neutral brown, according to 

 locality ; pale buff eye-stripe ; 

 under parts uniform buff, palest 

 on throat; white pattern on outer 

 tail feathers. Birds of year 

 streaked on throat and breast. 

 Length 6% to 7 inches. 



Hind claw straight ; head and nape 

 slate gray; under parts buff, shad- 

 ing into pale chestnut on breast ; 

 light pattern on outer tail feathers 

 white ; breast unstreaked. In 

 autumn plumage closely re- 

 sembles Rock Pipit, but easily 

 distinguished by white instead of 

 smoke-brown pattern on outer 

 tail feathers. Length 6^ inches. 



Front toes short and curved ; hind 

 toe short and straight ; no spots 

 below. Young with faint spots 

 on breast. Length 5^ inches. 



Conspicuous crest; first primary 

 nearly as long as primary coverts ; 

 no white on outer tail feathers. 

 Length 6^ inches. 



Bill short, arched above ; second- 

 aries white with brown bases; 



