246 ANNALS OF BIRD LIFE. 



individuals are the birds that breed in Persia and 

 Turkestan, as a very important stream of migra- 

 tion drains much of Western Asia through these 

 countries down the Nile valley to Central and 

 South Africa. 



Many birds pass along our coasts in autumn, 

 on their way south, in sufficient abundance to 

 render them familiar to the British naturalist. 

 One of the most noteworthy' of these is the 

 Rough-legged Buzzard, on its way to the south 

 of Europe, but it is not known to cross the 

 Mediterranean into Africa. Another of these 

 birds is the Knot, numbers of which remain on 

 our coasts to winter, but the great majority pass 

 on to the western shores of Africa. In the same 

 way, numerous Geese and Ducks give our coasts a 

 call (many remaining for the winter) as they pass 

 on to more southern latitudes. 



The routes taken by our summer migrants are 

 followed with great regularity and persistence. 

 Those birds wintering in Morocco, West Africa, 

 the Congo and Damara Land appear to enter 

 Africa by way of Gibraltar, reaching that locality 

 from the southern shores of England, by way of 

 the Channel Islands to Finisterre, or along the 

 Seine and on through Bordeaux, across the 

 Pyrenees, and down the Portuguese coast. Those 

 wintering further east in South and Central 

 Africa, in Algeria, Tripoli, and Egypt, cross the 

 English Channel and fly over France, down the 

 great river valleys of Central Europe, through the 



