CATALOGUE OF THE COLLECTION O? THE MAYXARD CHAPTER. 



( see Fig 2) ; 2, the scales on the back portion of the tarsus at the point of join- 

 ture form a sharp ridge (see Fig. 3, also under head of next order), exception to 

 this rule being the Horned Larks, which see ; 3, there are five or six pairs of 



Fig. 2. 



Fig. 





I 



iziirf^ 



Foot of Purple Martin 



Upper figure, tarsus of Kingbird ; lower, of 

 Pine Gtosbeak ; both enlarged. 



m iscbs (thus including the sterno-tracheals ) which govern the two vibrating 

 mambranes of the broncho-tracheal syrinx, and the sterno-tracheals have their or- 

 igin on the windpipe below the brcncho-tracheals, and are thus not a continua- 

 tion of the lorg trachcals ( see Figs. 4 and 5). 



Fkr. 4. 



Syrinx of typical Percher. U, "Windpipe. C A, Bronco- tracheals. 

 O L V, Bronchial*. T, Sterao-tr acheal. L, Bronchial tubes. O, 

 Tympaniform membrane. J, Transverse bcne. M, Semiluna mem- 

 brane. V, Interior of Windpipe. 



SPARROWS, FINCHES, GROSBEAKS, ETC., all constitute one family ; the 

 largest and in some ways the most important that we have in New England. In 

 general form members of this family are quite robust, but vary somewhat in this 

 respect. ,The most prominent feature by which they can be recognized is the 

 comparatively short, thick, conical bill, which is deeper at its base than one- 

 half its length ( see Fig. 6 ). There are also nine primaries or flight feathers 

 ( see Fig. 8 on page 10). Internally the gullet is more or less developed into a 

 crop for the storage of food, and the stomach walls are thick for digesting hard 

 seeds ; the intestines are quite long, but the coecal appendages are short and 

 fanctioaless (see Fig. 7 ) . Most members of this family sing well, and thus we 

 find a fairly wall developad singing apparatus ( see Figs. 4 and 5 and read accom- 

 panying explanation). 



