10 N. H. Agric. Experiment Station [Bui. 270 



Gross receipts declined steadily from $5,800 in 1930 to $3,700 this 

 year. Gross expenses averaged $4,100 in 1930 and $2,800 in 1932. 



The average receipts from the sale of milk tumbled $1,400 in the 

 three j^ears. 



These are figures from one phase of the dairy-efficiency studies now 

 nearing completion. They have been conducted by H. C. Woodworth 

 and C. W. Harris, Jr., with the special assistance of Emil Rauchen- 

 stein of the United States department of agriculture, and present a 

 picture of the wholesale-milk producers' situation during the period 

 of price deflation. 



The project was launched to discover why some men accomplish 

 more than others and how they do it. Chore records were made on 

 several farms as another feature of this investigation. 



In one instance two men cared for 60 cows and 40 head of young 

 stock in a total of eight hours daily. This included hauling manure 

 to the fields and spreading it. Four hours was the total time given to 

 the day's milking: 4.3 minutes per cow or 21.8 minutes per 100 pounds 

 of milk. Three single-unit milking machines were used. The opera- 

 tor was especially dexterous in changing them from one cow to another. 

 Little milk was obtained from hand-stripping. 



Records were made on two other farms of the travel of the operator 

 in doing chores. This was done by laying a string along his path on 

 a plan of the barn drawn to scale. One of these showed one and 

 one-half miles of walking to clean the stable, water the cows and 

 do the milking. 



A map of the tillage land was also made on each farm and crop- 

 ping systems suggested. {Purnell Fund) 



Shaping Roughage-Production Program 



Because plenty of good home-grown roughage is needed for success- 

 ful dairying in New Hampshire, a practical roughage-production pro- 

 gram is now being shaped, based on information obtained by M. F. 

 Abell from 328 farms throughout the state, 281 of which grow silage. 



As to cropping system the study revealed that on the basis of 1930 

 yields a herd of 32 cows can be maintained by growing 41 acres of 

 hay and 9 of silage. For this combination of crops, labor on hay is 

 spread over about five weeks' time from early cutting of grass and 

 clover to late cutting of Hungarian millet and soybeans. One-third 

 of the work on silage was manuring and fitting before haying started 

 and the other two-thirds involved a two-weeks' period in the fall 

 after haying. 



By raising silage corn, the period of roughage harvest may be ex- 

 tended two weeks. This eliminates the severe peak in the labor load 

 that results in the harvest of the larger acreage of roughage if only 

 hay is grown. Without silage, 32 cows require 65.5 acres of hay. 



On those farms with corn in the rotation, the acre-yield of hay aver- 

 aged 14 per cent more than on the farms without silage. {Purnell Fund) 



