by another fungous disease, which made its appearance in 

 the form of dark brown spots varying in size from mere dots to 

 spots one-sixteenth inch or more in diameter. The spots 

 were usually slightly depressed or sunken below the gen- 

 eral surface. The presence of this disease made it necessary 

 to class many apples of good size and shape as seconds. The 

 sprayed apples were almost entirely free from this trouble. Our 

 observation indicates that the diseased spots tend to grow 

 larger on the stored fruit and to serve as the starting points of 

 decay. 



In case of nearly all of the sprayed trees more or less injury 

 was done to the foliage by the second spraying, when Paris 

 green was added to the Bordeaux mixture. The usual amount 

 of Paris green recommended is four ounces to a barrel, or fifty 

 gallons. In this case six ounces were used. It was thought, 

 however, that the lime in the Bordeaux mixture would prevent 

 any bad results, and we are at a loss to account fully for the 

 injury done. It may perhaps be partl}^ accounted for by the 

 fact that where the worst damage occurred the spraying was done 

 on a bright, hot day — a condition which is known to favor the 

 injurious tendencies of Paris green. 



Lichens or 3/o.s.s. — Many fruit trees are covered with differ- 

 ent varieties of lichens or "moss," as they are often called. It 

 is a question not yet decided how much direct injury they do to 

 the trees, but they are unsightly and oft"er protection to insects 

 and their eggs. The Bordeaux mixture is very effective in 

 destroying them. 



Russety Fruit. — Among our spraj^ed apples we found some 

 with a rough or russety skin, and thought at first that it was 

 due to spraying, but we found that many uusprayed ones were 

 just as bad. In fact many apples last season showed this 

 russetiug. The late frosts last spring, just as the trees were 

 in bloom, were perhaps to blame for this. It must be noted, 

 however, that the Bordeaux mixture does sometimes produce a 

 similar effect. We also heard of numerous instances last fall 

 of Flemish Beauty pear trees which had not been sprayed, but 

 which produced a fair crop of pears ; something unusual for this 



