124 



occasions found the larva singly in humus, and in one instance in 

 a heap of pig's-dung at the edge of a meadow ; * Lundbeck thinks 

 that the larva lives in water or damp earth, and he has received 

 pupae taken in the soil of moors and in moist sand near the margin 

 of lakes. f The pupa, according to this author, closely resembles 

 that of Chrysops, and has six spines on the terminal segment. 



The experimental evidence as to the transmission 

 Haematopota or otherwise of pathogenic organisms by species 

 and Disease, of Hcematopota is at present so slight as to be 

 scarcely worth mentioning. In Algeria, in 1905, 

 an attempt by Drs. Edmond and Etienne Sergent to transmit the 

 trypanosome of a disease of horses termed by them mal de la 

 Zousfana, by injecting into the peritoneum of a white rat an 

 emulsion of the alimentary canal of a single specimen of H. italica, 

 Mg., twenty-four hours after the fly had bitten an infected animal, 

 proved negative. J In the Federated Malay States, two experiments 

 in immediate feeding made by Fraser and Symonds with Hcematopota 

 and Trypanosoma evansi (the parasite of surra) likewise failed. 

 On the other hand, in various parts of Africa natives are said to 

 attribute diseases of stock to the bites of species of Hcematopota. 

 Thus, according to Dr. Andrew Balfour, on the Blue Nile a species 

 of this genus (probably H. taciturna, Austen) known as El Takasha 

 (" the attacking fly ") is " credited with causing ' swelling of the 

 lungs ' in sheep and goats. "|| Again, the late Dr. W. A. Densham, 

 in a letter to the author from Masindi, Unyoro, Uganda Protectorate, 

 dated February 8th, 1907, after remarking that the natives in the 

 whole of the Nile Province of Uganda attach no importance to the 

 presence of either Olossina morsitans, Westw., or G. pallidipes, 

 Austen, observed : " The Nile natives are more inclined to 



* Cf. Th. Beling, " Beitrag zur Metamorphose der zweifliigeligen Insecten " : 

 Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, Jahrg. 41, I., p. 39 (1875). 



t Cf. W. Lundbeck, " Diptera Danica," Part I., p. 103 (Copenhagen : G. E. C. Gad. 

 London: William Wesley & Son, 1907). 



J Cf. Drs. Edmond and Etienne Sergent, Annales de VInatitut Pasteur, T. XX., 

 pp. 678-679 (1905). 



Cf. Sleeping Sickness Bureau, Bulletin No. 5, p. 188 (March, 1909). 



|| Cf. A. Balfour, Second Report of the Wellcome Research Laboratories at the Gordon 

 Memorial College, Khartoum, p. 33 (1906). 



