141 



its relative shortness, the proboscis is scarcely noticeable from 

 above, especially since its extremity is concealed by the tips of the 

 palpi ; in Philcematomyia the tip of the reflexed proboscis is just 

 distinguishable from above, but may easily be overlooked. The 

 sexes are usually very similar, but can at once be recognised by the 

 eyes being much closer together in the males ; Stomoxys omega, 

 Newstead (Plate XIII., fig. 96), exhibits an additional secondary 

 sexual character in the presence of a peculiar fringe of hair on the 

 inside of the first two joints of the front tarsi of the male.* 



In no case has the breeding of any blood-sucking 

 Life-history. Muscid (other than Glossind) yet been observed 



in Africa, but the metamorphoses of species of 

 Stomoxys and Lyperosia have been studied in Europe and the United 

 States, f while those of Philcematomyia insignis have been investigated 

 in India by Mr. F. M. Howlett. All of these flies breed as a rule in 

 the fresh droppings of Ungulates, though Stomoxys calcitrans was 

 also noticed by Newstead ovipositing in cut and heated grass. The 

 larvae are footless whitish or yellowish maggots, of the type of those 

 of Musca domestica or Calliphora erythrocephala, Mg. (the common 

 Blow-fly). Pupation takes place in the ground beneath the dung, 

 and the puparium or pupa-case, which is barrel-shaped or ellipsoidal, 

 slightly narrower in front, varies in colour from red to dark brown. 



For the available information on this 



Blood-sucking Muscidae gubject the reader ig referred to the 

 (other than Glossma) 



and Disease notes on Stomoxys calcitrans, Linn., 



S. nigra, Macq., and the genus Lyperosia 

 (pp. 148, 156, 161). 



Genus STOMOXYS, Geoffrey. 



Histoire abregee des Insectes qui se trouvent aux environs de Paris, 

 T. II., p. 538 (Paris : 1762). 



PLATE XIII., FIGS. 96, 97, 101, 102. 



Of this genus, exclusive of recognised synonyms, the Ethiopian 

 fauna is known to include ten or eleven species, of which by far the 



* See p. 158. f See pp. 146 and 161. 



