8n] Machinery and Production 13. 



of 1839; the corn, cotton, oats, wheat, and hay crops of 

 1899 were from 6 to 8 times greater than they were in 



1839. The population of the United States in 1900 

 was, however, only 4.4 times greater than in 1840. 



The total production of the eight principal cereals 

 (corn, wheat, oats, barley, rye, buckwheat, rice, and 

 Kaffir corn), expressed in bushels, and the population, 

 as reported by the census authorities, for the period from 

 1840 to 1900, has been as follows : 



Year. Population. Cereals, bu. 



1900 75,568,686] 4,434,698,746' 



1890 62,622,250 3,520,960,086 



1880 50,155,783! 2,699,415,752 



1870 38,558,371 j- 1 1,388,526,403 



1860 31,443,321 1,242,159,398 



1850 23,191,876! 871,042,524 



1840 I7,o69,45 3 j 617,321,778' 



If we represent the population in 1840 and the cereal 

 production reported in that year, each by 100 and the 

 population and cereal production reported in succeeding 

 census years by their per cents, respectively, of the 

 population and cereal production reported in 1840, we 

 shall get a new table showing the relative increase in 

 population and cereal production for the period in ques- 

 tion. Such a table is presented herewith as follows : 



Increase in cereals 



Year. Population. Cereals. over increase 



in population. 



1900 442.7 7i8.4 275.7 



1890 366.9 570.4 203.5 



1880 293.8 437.3 143.5 



1870 225.9 224.9 [246.2] [20.3]* 



1860 184.2 201.2 17.0 



1850 135.9 141.1 5.2 



1840 100.0 loo.o . . . 



1 Twelfth Census, Population, I, p. xix. 

 Twelfth Census, Agriculture, II, pp. 64-65. 

 8 Sixth Census, p. 408. 

 *Seep. 15. 



