88 1 ] Machinery and Labor 83 



of a machine, together with the well known fact that 

 machine workmen continue to command higher wages 

 than other workmen engaged in the same industries, 

 should be conclusive evidence that the use of a machine 

 does not impair the intellect of the operator. Anyone 

 may be presumed to know that it requires a higher 

 grade of intellect to operate a steam-plow than it docs 

 to operate a hoe, and that the operator of the steam- 

 plow commands the higher wage. 



It is significant of the mutual relationship between 

 the possession of intellectual power and the ability to 

 operate machinery that, according to the returns of the 

 Twelth Census, the North Atlantic States, having 44.2 

 per cent of the total population of the country ten years 

 of age and over engaged in manufactures, mechanic 

 arts, trade, and transportation, reported only 15.8 per 

 cent of the total number of illiterates, ten years of 

 age and over, and only 27.9 per cent of the total number 

 of deaths, occurring during the census year, from " in- 

 juries by machinery " ; while the Southern States 

 (South Atlantic and South Central divisions), having 

 but 16.9 per cent of the total number, ten years of age 

 and over, engaged in manufactures, mechanic arts, 

 trade, and transportation, reported 66.9 per cent of 

 the total number of illiterates, ten years of age and 

 over, and 39.6 per cent of the total number of deaths 

 from u injuries by machinery." 



It is safe to say that the people in the Southern States 

 employ, relatively, even less of machinery in agri- 



1 For the number of persons engaged in manufactures, mechanic 

 arts, trade and transportation, see page 93. 



For statistics of illiteracy see Twelfth Census, Population II, p. C. 



The total number of deaths, reported as resulting from " injuries by 

 machinery," was 333; of these 80 were reported from the North 

 Atlantic States and 132 from the South Atlantic and South Central 

 States Twelfth Census, Vital Statistics II, Table 7. 



