883] Machinery and Labor 85 



that men offer employment for the sake of the em- 

 ployee, but wages paid for such employment are really 

 charity offerings in disguise. They have no part in a 

 discussion concerning the usual and every-day relations 

 between employers and employees. 



In like manner we may say that every employee ex- 

 pects, in return for any service which he renders, to re- 

 ceive a certain payment which shall yield him a net 

 return of satisfaction above sacrifice. Not only does he 

 expect a net return, but he expects a higher net return 

 of satisfaction above sacrifice than he could otherwise 

 secure. In other words, he expects that it will be bet- 

 ter or more profitable, for him to undertake the employ- 

 ment offered, on the terms proposed, than to decline 

 it and, perhaps continue unemployed. Unless the 

 workman has such an expectation, he should not un- 

 dertake the work. It is not only proper, 1 but most 

 desirable that both the employer and the employee 

 should have their expectations realized. 



What is the attitude of the parties with respect to 

 each other? Assuming a certain length of working 

 day, the position of the machine-using employer has 

 been well stated by an English factory inspector as fol- 

 lows : " The quantity produced must, in the main, be 

 regulated by the speed of the machinery ; it must be 

 the interest of the mill owner to drive it at the utmost 

 rate of speed consistent with these following conditions, 

 viz., the preservation of the machinery from too rapid 

 deterioration ; the preservation of the quality of the 

 article manufactured ; and the capability of the work- 

 man to follow the motion without a greater exertion 



1 " In au ordinary contract both parties may, and usually do, gain 

 by entering into the agreement." Amer. and Eng. Enc. of Law, 

 (2d ed.), Vol. XIV, p. 582. 



