889] Machinery and Labor 91 



consideration of the following table taken from Dr. 

 Amos G. Warner's work on "American Charitic 



NUMBER LIVING AT STATED AGES OUT OF 1,000 LIVING AT Acs 



OP 25. 



35 



Farmer 2 898.5 



Shoemaker 908.8 



Weaver 920.3 



Grocer 923.7 



Blacksmith 918.8 



Carpenter 905.5 



Tailor 883.7 



Laborer . . 902.1 



Miner 915.1 



Baker 924.1 



Butcher 887.0 



Innkeeper 861.7 



As a matter of fact, the length of the working day, 

 the conditions under which work shall be done, and 

 the wages to be paid in any industry, are questions 

 which must all, ultimately, be determined by economic 

 law 3 and, to a very large extent, independently for each 



1 Warner : American Charities, p. 107. 



2 " The farmers and agricultural laborers are at present among the 

 healthiest classes of the population classified according to occupa- 

 tion. The young farmer for some reason or other suffers a higher 

 mortality than the labourer ; but at 35 and upward the British farmer 

 enjoys comforts which are beyond the reach of the labourers." Parr : 

 Vital Statistics, p. 403. 



8 " If men can produce as much or nearly as much in eight hours 

 as they can in ten, eight hours is destined to become the working 

 day ; otherwise not. The owner of a stoneyard in Chicago has stated 

 that his men could do as much work in eight hours as in ten hours. 

 Their work is fatiguing and little or nothing is gained by working the 

 men over eight hours. Eight hours was the day's labor in that yard, 

 and the owner said so far as his business was concerned the eight- 

 hour question had solved itself." Powers : Labor Making Machinery, 

 P- 33- 



