92 American Economic Association [890 



industry according to the nature of the work to be 

 done and according to the character of the workers. 

 But the economic law by which they are to be deter- 

 mined is not necessarily the economic law which is 

 most favorable to employers, or to employees, nor even 

 to the interest of employers and employees jointly con- 

 sidered, any more than the policy of our federal govern- 

 ment is to be determined by the civil law most favora- 

 ble to any particular state or section of the Union. 

 Such questions are to be determined by that economic 

 law which is most favorable to the whole social body, 

 to the state, to humanity. 1 



1 " Ausgangspunkt, wie Zielpunkt unserer Wissenschaft 1st der 

 Mensch" Ro^cher: Grundlagen der Nationalokonomie, S. I. 



[NOTE. The tables which follow, and upon which the calculations 

 in this study are based, will be found to differ in some particulars 

 from the corresponding tables in the Twelfth Census special report on 

 occupations. The foot-notes connected with the several tables show 

 the sources upon which I relied in making them. Further than this 

 I need add only that my tables were completed early in 1903 over a 

 year before the publication of the census report referred to H. W. Q.] 



