194 MILK HYGIENE 



deavored in their own interest, as well as in that of the 

 public, to provide sealed stoppers or covers for delivery 

 bottles and cans, which more surely prevents their being 

 opened before delivery and which makes it impossible 

 for an unscrupulous person to fill anew, with milk or 

 cream, the vessel which, from accident or improper rea- 

 sons, was partly or wholly emptied. With metal cans, 

 this security is most easily effected by the use of a 

 simple lead and wire seal, applied after filling. A per- 

 fectly reliable closure for the bottles, on the other hand, 

 offers some difficulty, because it is so expensive. The 

 accompanying illustrations show some of the methods 

 used. Fig. 15 shows a method of closing which corre- 

 sponds to that used on mineral-water bottles. After 

 closing, a label is pasted over the top; this method is 

 somewhat expensive and does not furnish a satisfactory 

 guarantee as the label is easily loosened. Fig. 17 shows 



FIG. 15. 



FIG. 17. 

 FIG. 16. 



the method used by the " Trifolium " milk company in 

 Copenhagen. The upper part of the neck is perforated, 

 and after the bottle has been closed by the insertion of 

 the stopper, a wire is drawn through the holes and se- 

 cured with a lead seal; this method gives efficient pro- 

 tection but is somewhat expensive. Fig. 16 shows a 

 method used during recent years in Germany, which is 

 cheap and quite satisfactory. In the inside of the neck 



