30 EVERYTHING ABOUT DOGS. 



the whalebone, into which tie the piece of sponge. As soreness, if not actual lacera- 

 tion, is almost sure to be caused, the dog should for some days after be confined to 

 soft food. 



CLAWS, INFLAMMATION AT THE ROOTS OF. Dogs used to the chase, or 

 hunting in scrubby heather, or running much over hard, uneven roads, suffer from 

 sore toes; the parts around the roots of the claws are swollen, inflamed and tender, 

 making the dog lame, and, indeed, almost unable to get about; there is redness be- 

 tween the toes, and sweating or thin serous discharge therefrom. 



Such cases are often very difficult to cure. First give a dose of aperient medi- 

 cine, and keep the dog up. giving him plenty of soft bedding, and a light diet. 

 Foment the part night and morning with warm water, and bathe freely with this 

 lotion: Calomel, 2 scr.; lime water 12 oz.; mix. Shake the bottle well when using 

 it, which should be done four or five times a day. If the foregoing fail, try Gou- 

 lard's Extract of Lead, 2 dr.; tincture of arnica, y a . oz.; distilled water, 1 pint; mix 

 and apply freely four or five times a day. If the case is a very bad one, wrap the 

 foot in a piece of lint saturated with the lotion, and pull over it a chamois leather 

 boot, which the dog can be prevented from gnawing and pulling off by use of a 

 muzzle, over the mouth-part of which a piece of canvas has been sewn. 



CONCUSSION OF THE BRAIN. Often occurs in canine practice, and is due 

 to accidents. In most cases the dog becomes unconscious, and the breathing is 

 heavy or usually nearly imperceptible. Gradually consciousness returns, but often 

 a stiffness of the limbs and an uncertain gait remains for a time. The treatment 

 should consist in the administration of stimulants, but great care must be taken not 

 to attempt forcing liquid upon an unconscious animal, or choking will be the inevit- 

 able result. Brandy can be injected under the skin (subcutaneously). Ice when 

 procurable should be applied to the head and spinal cord, and ammonia to the 

 nostrils. If there is a fracture of the skull an operation will become necessary. A 

 part of the bone may be pressing upon the brain, when it would have to be raised, 

 and so relieve the pressure, in which case a veterinarian must be called at once. 



CONVULSIONS. Sec FITS, TEETHING. 



CORYZA. See CATAEBH. 



COSTIVENESS. See BOWELS. OBSTRUCTION OF. 



CRAMP. This term is often indiscriminately applied by sportsmen to spasm 

 from whatever cause; but cramp of the limbs from exposure to cold and wet often 

 occurs, and it will quickly yield to brisk rubbing and warmth. If nothing else is 

 handy, rub with a little spirit and water or a rough dry cloth. Dogs used in hunt- 

 ing or retrieving from water are very liable to it, the hindquarters being most 

 frequently affected, and in such cases a good brisk liniment, such as the following, 

 should be carried in the boat: 



Stimulatiny Liniment. Compound camphor liniment, 3 oz.; olive oil, spirit 

 of turpentine, and spirit of hartshorn, of each*l oz.; mix. A hot bath is also very 

 effective, especially if the dog is afterward gently rubbed; care must, however, be 

 taken to dry the animal thoroughly. 



CROOKED LIMBS. See RICKETS. 



CATARRH, OR COLD IN THE HEAD. Dogs that live in freedom, although 

 exposed to changes of temperature and weather, are not so liable to attacks of 

 catarrh as are those more delicately reared, in whom a sudden change from the 

 close atmosphere of the room to the open air, or exposure to a shower of rain, 



