DISEASES. Ill 



cases try to remove the cause if you can so ascertain. If pain is present, ht>t 

 fomentations should be applied and an aperient given. 



THORNS. These are most liable to pierce the pads of the foot (the sole). 

 The thorn should be abstracted at once, and if a severe case of inflammation has 

 been caused bathe or poultice the foot. 



TAPEWORM. See WORMS. 



TARTAR ON THE TEETH. See TEETH, DECAYED. 



TEARS. See WOUNDS. 



TEETH. The following article on teeth could not be made plainer than by 

 what DAT.ZIEL says: 



"The dog has, when the set is complete, or in kennel parlance, when he 'has 

 a full mouth,' forty-two teeth, made up of twelve incisors, or cutting teeth, four 

 canines or fangs, and twenty-six molars, double, or grinding teeth. 



"Some of these constitute what are ordinarily called the milk teeth, and are 

 deciduous: that is to say, they are after a few months cast, and give place to 

 permanent ones. 



"THE INCISORS six above and six below form the front teeth; those in the 

 upper jaw are the larger, and both above and below the center teeth are the 

 smaller, the outer or corner cutters the strongest; these appear at the age of 

 from four to five weeks, and give place to the permanent incisors at three to four 

 months. 



"THE CANINES OR FANGS aUo make their appearance when the pup is from 

 four to six weeks old, and these are replaced by the permanent fangs about the 

 age of five or six months; they are considerably elongated and pointed; the upper 

 ones are the stronger. 



"THE MOLARS. Of these, twelve are in the upper jaw and fourteen in the 

 lower; the first (that is, of course, the four, two upper and two under) are not 

 deciduous, and make their appearance at about three or four months; the second, 

 third in the upper, and fourth in the lower, are, like the incisors and canines, 

 deciduous, appearing at the fourth or fifth week, and giving place to the perma- 

 nent ones at five to six months; the fourth in the upper jaw is much the strong- 

 est, and, in the lower jaw, the fifth is the largest and strongest. The fifth general- 

 ly appears from the fourth to the fifth month, and in the lower jaw the fifth is the 

 largest and strongest. The sixth at the age of from five to six months, and the 

 seventh in the lower jaw from five and a half to seven months. Most of the molars, 

 in the lower jaw from five and a half to seven months. Most of the molars, 

 whilst adapted for grinding or crushing bones, etc., are terminated by acute lobes 

 suitable for tearing flesh. 



"TARTAR ACCUMULATION UPON THE TEETH. This term is- applied to those 

 blackish incrustations so commonly found adhering around the necks of the teeth. 

 It is by far the commonest in pet dogs, or those which are chiefly fed upon soft 

 food. Sometimes the accumulation of matter is so great that it causes the teeth 

 to become loose, leads to ulceration of the gums, and the production of a most 

 offensive smell from the mouth, all of which can be obviated by giving the animal 

 an occasional bone to pick. The treatment must be directed to the removal of the 

 tartar deposit. This can be done by putting on a simple tape muzzle and then 

 scraping the teeth with a small instrument which is sold by most cutlers for the 

 purpose of scraping the nails of the human subject. It is a somewhat tedious 

 operation, neverless extremely simple. 



