DISEASES. 119 



its way into the heart, producing a most painful death; some are found in the 

 biood, the liver has its parasite, so have the kidneys and urethra." 



As has been the custom of writers and owners of dogs to classify them under 

 the headings of round-worm, maw-worm and tape-worm, I have in this article 

 done the same, as these are the kinds that mostly concern dog owners. 



DACZIEL says of TAPEWORMS. "These are, as the name indicates, the flat 

 worms which are often seen evacuated with the feces in small sections of half 

 an inch or less, when they are usually called 'maw-worms;' or at times chains of 

 them may be seen hanging from the anus, when being expelled naturally or under 

 the action of medicine. 



"No less than a dozen tapeworms select the dog as their host. They have a 

 remarkable life-history, and it is as well for the dog owner to know something 

 as to this, as he is often puzzled to think how this or that dog became infested. 



"It will therefore be well to see how an adult tapeworm is made up. If 

 examined, it will be found to consist of a head, or scolex, and a series of seg- 

 ments, scientifically known as metameres. These latter are constantly being 

 budded off from the head, and assume forms varying with their age. Thus those 

 nearest the head are the youngest, and those at the other extremity the oldest. 

 It is these last which one sees from time to time pass with the faecal discharges. 

 They are. in fact, the ripe segments, or proglottids, which detach themselves from 

 the hind portion, and each portion thus freed is endowed with reproductive 

 organs. In time these detached portions die away, but the eggs contained in 

 them have been impregnated by spermatozoa and simply await another host to 

 begin anew the cycle of existence. The eggs thus scattered broadcast are not 

 influenced by extremes of heat or cold, dryness or moisture, nor does time seem 

 to destroy their germinating power. From this it will readily be seen how im- 

 portant it is to burn all excreta from dogs infested with tapeworms. When tho 

 ripe segments leave the dog per anus they are charged with ova. and possessing 

 the power of motion, wriggle among the hair, where the lice and fleas devour the 

 pg^y and develop into the cryptocysts found by GRARSI free in the abdominal 

 craity. The dog again, in searching for his tormentors, nibbles and licks his skin 

 and coat, and in this way swallows the insect, and when he contained cryptocyst is 

 set free in the dog's stomach the tapeworm is once more developed. The nimble 

 /;-;i travels so feadily from one dog to another, carrying this tapeworm with him, 

 that we have here an explanation of what has puzzled so many how a carefully 

 fed and groomed house dog becomes infested with tapeworm?" 



SYMPTOMS OK TAPEWORM. An irregular and frequently a "ravenous appetite 

 co-existing with considerable emaciation, the food taken seeming to do the (log 

 no good. The "breath is offensive, and nose hot and dry. The coat has a rough, 

 harsh, staring, unhealthy look, the hair looking dead. I have, however, found 

 tapeworms in a pug dog that had a sleek and glossy coat and was fat and healthy. 

 They often have a depraved appetite, looking for and eating filth. Parts of the 

 worm may sometimes be seen hanging from the anus of the dog, this being the 

 case in the pug spoken of, and who had never shown any signs of having such 

 trouble, as she was a bitch that had had several litters of pups. 



SYMPTOMS OF STOMACH WORMS in young puppies are plain to be seen;- they 

 pass them, also vomit them up; they cause Diarrhea, and you will find mucus, or 

 slime, and sometimes blood in the passage. You will also notice a distension 

 and hardness of the stomach very much disproportionate to amount of food they 

 have eaten and you may notice the puppy dragging itself on its stern or biting 



