TABLE OF CONTENTS xi 



and plants, 376; Social life, gregariousness, 380; Solitary and com- 

 munal bees and wasps, 383; The honey-bee community, 387; Ants, 

 391; Termites, 3'.)4: Division of labor the basis of communal life, 

 395; Advantages of communal life, 397. 



CHAPTER XIX. COLOR AND PATTERN IN ANIMALS. 



Color among animals, 398; Protection by color, 400; Protection 

 of color, 402; Significance of color and pattern, 404; Table of in- 

 sect colors, 405; General protective resemblance, 406; Variable 

 protective resemblance, 407; Special protective resemblance, 411; 

 Warning colors, 416; Terrifying appearances, 418; Directive col- 

 oration, 419; Recognition marks, 420; Mimicry, 421 ; Criticism and 

 general considerations of the theory of protective and mimicking 

 color pattern, 424. 



CHAPTER XX. REFLEXES, INSTINCT, AND REASON. 



Irritability, 426; Nerve cells or fibers, 427; Brain or sensorium, 

 427; Mechanical reflexes, 428; The tropism theory, 429; The 

 theories of the method of trial and error, 429; Instincts, 430; In- 

 stincts of feeding, 432 ; Instincts of self-defense, 433 ; Instinct of 

 play, 435; Climatic instincts, 436; Environmental instincts, 438; 

 Instincts of courtship, 438; Instincts of reproduction, 439; In- 

 stincts concerned with the care of the young, 439; Variability of 

 instinct, 442; Reason, 443; Mind, 448. 



CHAPTER XXL MAN'S PLACE IN NATURE. 



Post-Darwinian conception of humanity, 452; Man's place 

 among the other animals, 453; Classification of the primates, 455; 

 Evidences from comparative anatomy of man's relation to lower 

 animals, 456; Special physiological evidence, 457; Evidence from 

 embryology, 460; Evidence from paleontology, 461; Conclusions 

 from ethnology, 462; The earliest man, 464- The genealogy of 

 man, 466; Theology and Darwinism, 467. 



