452 



EVOLUTION AND ANIMAL LIFE 



poses nature. Here they are side by side, god and devil, mind and 

 matter, king and conspirator, belt and spasm riding peacefully to- 

 gether in the eye and brain ,of every man. EMERSON. 



The ape is this rough draft of man. Mankind have their gradations 

 as well as the other productions of the globe. There are a prodigious 

 number of continued links between the most perfect man and the 

 ape. JOHN WESLEY. 



ONE of the most important results of Darwin's studies of 

 the origin of species has been the complete change in the philo- 

 sophical conception of man. We no longer think of the human 

 race as a completed entity in the midst of Nature, but apart 



FIG. 279. Skulls of man and the orang-utan: 1, skull of a seven-year-old German 

 child; 2, skull of an Australian from Murray River; 3, skull of young orang-utan; 

 4, skull of a grown orang-utan. (After Wiedersheim; one-sixth natural size.) 



from it, with a different origin, a different motive, a different 

 destiny. Man is like the other species, an inhabitant of the earth, 

 a product of the laws of life; his characters are phases in the 

 long process of change and adaptation to which all organisms 

 are subject. From the point of view of zoology, the human 

 race is a group of closely allied species, or subspecies, undoubted- 



