ENGLISH MEDIAEVAL ARCHITECTURE. 171 



and transepts forming, with the chancel, a Latin cross ; 

 3rd, the nave with one or two aisles, the last being the 

 commonest plan, as seen at St. Chad's, Stafford, and 

 by that of Checkley, as here illustrated ; 4th, nave and 

 aisles, with transepts, as seen by the plan of Madeley ^ 

 Private chapels were often added at the east end, as 

 also shown on the plan of Madeley. In addition, there 

 are commonly either north or south porches, or both, 

 and a tower which is usually placed at the western end 

 of the nave, as at Checkley and Madeley ; but in Norman 

 work the tower was commonly placed at the junction 

 of nave and transepts, as at Lapley, Gnosall, and St. 

 Mary's, Stafford. Occasionally the chancel has one or more 

 aisles, as at Kinver, and in rare instances a room is 

 provided over the porch, as at Penkridge, and in the 

 case of Clifton Campville over a north chapel or transept. 

 These rooms seem to have been used either as a library 

 for the books of the church or for a dwelling for a 

 monk, and there is generally about them a trace of 

 domestic character, particularly noticeable in the example 

 of Clifton Campville. 



Before leaving the question of plan it ought to be 

 mentioned that in almost every churchyard in this county 

 there are remains, more or less perfect, of the church- 

 yard cross, generally placed to the south of the church. 

 Specimens of each period may be mentioned : Leek, of 

 the Norman (if this be granted me) ; Rocester, of Early 

 English ; Blithfield, of Decorated ; and Biddulph, of 

 Perpendicular. I only mention single places, but in fact, 

 as I have said, scarcely an old churchyard in the 

 county exists without them, and this feature alone 

 would form an interesting subject for an archasological 



