CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS AND PLANTS 143 



popularize such names by putting the scientific names on 

 packages of seeds. 



It is evident from the above list of scientific names made 

 common by popular usage that there is no truth in the state- 

 ment that scientific names are hard to learn. Any one who 

 can learn such a name as chrysanthemum can surely learn most 

 other scientific names when they are needed. And in order 

 to be definite, they are often needed. Therefore the student 

 should drop all prejudice arising from the supposed difficulty 

 of scientific names, and aim to make frequent use of the most 

 common ones. 



133. Chief Group of Animals and Plants. The tables 

 below are intended to show the most important of the pri- 

 mary subdivisions of the animal and plant kingdoms. The 

 lowest group is named first and the highest last, but in the case 

 of the animals there is doubt as to the relative position of some 

 of the intermediate groups ; for example, whether annelids are 

 higher than echinoderms, or arthropods higher than mollusks. 



ANIMALS 



(A primary group of animals usually called a phylum, plural phyla.) 



Phylum I. Protozoa (simplest, one-celled animals). 

 Phylum II. /-Porifera (sponge-animals). 



Phylum III.-' Coelenterata (hydroids, jellyfishes, coral-animals). 

 Phylum IV. Platyhelminthes (flat worms, tapeworms). 

 Phylum V. Nemathelminthes (round worms). 

 Phylum VI X Annelida (segmented worms). 

 Phylum VII./Echinoderma (starfish, sea-urchin, crinoid, sea- 

 cucumber)' 



Phylum VIII. Arthropoda (lobster, crab, spider, insects). 

 Phylum IX./Mollusca (clam, oyster, snail, cuttle-fish). 

 Phylum X. Vertebrata (backboned animals). 



The large textbooks of zoology include several other phyla 

 of animals not belonging to any of the ten groups named 

 above. Most of these are small marine worm-like animals 



