582 



INDEX 



Soils, and bacteria, 286 ; plant food- 

 materials in, 99 ; and worms, 350 ; 

 water in, 87. 



Solutions, 47. 



Sow-bug, 373. 



Species, 135. 



Sperm aphyta, see seed-plants. 



Sperm-cell, 58; plant, 197; fern, 

 236. 



Sphffirella, 247. 



Spider, 376. 



Spiracle, 381. 



Spirogyra, 249. 



Sponge-animals, 320-324. 



Sporangia, see spore-case. 



Spore-case, 215, 235, 253. 



Spore-plants, 232-298. 



Spores, 232, 235, 243, 279, 283, 312. 



Sporophyll, 215, 235. 



Sporophyte, 239, 



Squid, 413. 



Stamens, 207. 



Starch, in leaves, 104 ; test for, 102 ; 

 formula, 111; as food, 462. 



Starfish, 355. 



Stem, 70-72; 163-188; functions, 

 179 ; as leaves, 184 ; adaptations, 

 191. 



Sterilization, 256, 284. 



Sterilizer, 256. 



Stimulants, 531, 53 -553. 



Stimuli, effect on plants, 116-119. 



Stipules, 193. 



Stoma, 74, 75 ; work of, 96. 



Structure, see descriptions of various 

 animals and plants. 



Struggle for existence, 568. 



Sugar, test for, 105 ; as food, 461, 

 462. 



Swallowing, 471, 472. 



Sweat-glands, 521, 522. 



Symbiosis, 329. 



Symmetry, bilateral, and radial, 26. 



Systems, of organs, 27, 36. 



Tadpole, 62. 

 Tape- worm, 340. 

 Taste, 519. 



Tea, 552. 



Teeth, 466 ; hygiene of, 528. 



Temperature, sense, 519. 



Tendrils, 180. 



Tentacle, 325. 



Tests, for foods, 460-462. 



Thallophytes, 246. 



Thorns, 181, 193. 



Tissues, animal, 37-43 ; plant, 69, 



71, 72, 74, 123. 

 Toad, 24. 

 Tobacco, 551. 

 Tongue, human, 467. 

 Tonsil, 468. 

 Touch, 519. 

 Toxins, 293. 

 Trachea?, human, 502 ; of insects, 



381. 



Transpiration, 97. 

 Trichina, 344. 

 Tropisms, 118. 

 Tubers, 182. 

 Twigs, 163. 

 Tyndall, 347. 



U 



Unicellular animals, 300-307. 

 Univalves, 411. 

 Ureter, 508. 



Use of animals and plants (see eco- 

 nomics) ; in science, 24. 

 Uterus, 450. 



Vaccination, 295. 



Yacuole, contractile, 302, 309 ; food, 



302 ; yeast, 269. 

 Valves, heart, 487 ; veins, 489. 

 Varieties, dog, 138; beans, 81. 

 Veining, of leaves, 194. 

 Veins, 31, 489. 

 Ventilation, 527. 

 Ventral, 26. 

 Venus fly-trap, 18. 

 Vermes, 340. 

 Vertebra, 457. 

 Vertebrates, 417-453. 

 Vinegar, 276, 289. 



