GOURD FAMILY 



211 



ger of severe frost is over in the spring. They are then set in 

 rows in good garden soil. They are planted deep enough to 

 leave only one or two buds above ground. Here they are; grown 

 for a year or more before being transplanted to the orchard. 



The peach, plum and cherry are drupaceous fruits and are 

 usually propagated by growing stock from seeds and then 

 budding or occasionally grafting. Plums are sometimes grown 

 from suckers. 



SAXIFRAGE FAMILY (SAXIFRAGACEJS) 



Herbs or shrubs with perfect, reg- 

 ular (occasionally irregular) flowers. 

 Calyx more or less united with the 

 ovary, four to five petals attached to 

 calyx, stamens same number as the 

 petals and alternate with them or two 

 to ten times as many. Ovary more or 

 less inferior. Fruit a two-chambered 

 capsule or true berry. Leaves alter- 

 nate or opposite or whorled. 



Currant and Gooseberry. The 

 common red currant (Ribes rubrum), 

 the black currants (R. floridum and 

 R. nigrum), the gooseberries (R. grossularia and R. cynosbate), 

 the American gooseberry (R. hirtettum) and many species and 

 varieties of currants and gooseberries (Fig. 136) are valuable 

 fruits. They are extensively grown as garden fruits, but the 

 historical records are very imperfect and uncertain. 



Gooseberries and currants are usually obtained from hard- 

 wood cuttings, but new varieties are grown from seed. 



GOURD FAMILY (CUCURBITACE^) 



This very important family has monoecious or dioecious, oc- 

 casionally perfect, usually solitary white or yellow flowers (Fig. 



FIG. 135. Steps in making the 

 tongue-graft used in root grafting 

 apples, pears, etc. A and B, root 

 and scion with tongue cut in each. 

 C, the two shoved together and 

 ready to be tied with waxed cotton. 

 (Productive Farming.) 



