MORPHOLOGY OF HIGHER PLANTS. 381 



longitudinally to the sides of the filament and the dehiscence is 

 marginal, they are said to be INNATE; when they adhere longi- 

 tudinally to the filament and the latter extends slightly beyond 

 them, they are said to be ADNATE, in which case they may be 

 extrorse or introrse. In some of the Labiatae the lobes of the 

 anther are united at the apex of the filament, but diverge from the 

 point of attachment and are said to be connate, coherent, or 



CONFLUENT. 



The CONNECTIVE is that portion of the filament to which the 

 lobes of the anther are attached or which connects them (Fig. 

 221 ); usually it is not very prominent ; but in some of the Labiatae, 

 as in Salvia, it is rather broad ; in some of the Malvaceae it is 

 entirely wanting, the two lobes being confluent ; in other cases it 

 may be extended beyond the lobes of the anther, as in species of 

 As arum. 



APPENDAGES OF ANTHER. In certain instances the anthers 

 are appendaged (Fig. 221) : In the violets there is a triangular 

 growth at the apex ; in the oleander the apex is plumose ; in deer 

 berry (V actinium stamineum) there are two awn-like append- 

 ages upon the back of the anther; in the violets the two stamens 

 that project into the spurred petal are also spurred and secrete a 

 nectar ; in the Asclepiadaceae the anthers possess wing-like ap- 

 pendages, each sac or division of which contains a pear-shaped 

 coherent mass of pollen grains (pollinium). 



When a flower has but one stamen it is termed MONANDROUS ; 

 and when there are two, three, or many stamens, it is said to be 

 diandrous, triandrous, or polyandrous (Fig. 223). The aggregate 

 of stamens in the flower is called the ANDRCECIUM. In the Labi- 

 atae there are four stamens arranged in a longer and shorter pair, 

 and the stamens are said to be DIDYNAMOUS ; in the Cruciferae 

 the flowers possess six stamens, four of which are longer than the 

 other two, and the stamens are described as TETRADYNAMOUS; 

 in some plants, as in the Lobeliaceae, Papilionatae, etc., the fila- 

 ments cohere, forming groups (Fig. 222) which are termed mona- 

 delphous, diadelphous, etc. ; in the flowers of the potato the 

 anthers lie close together but are not united, forming apparently 

 a continuous ring or band around the pistil, when they are said 

 to be connivent ; in the tubular flowers of the Compositae the 



