MORPHOLOGY OF HIGHER PLANTS. 



A Caryopsis, or Grain, is an indehiscent, non-fleshy fruit 

 possessing a thin pericarp, which is closely adherent to the thin 

 seed-coats, as in wheat, corn, and other Gramineae (Figs., 



> 256). 



n 



VII 



FIG. 244. The fruit of the cultivated cranberry (V actinium macrocarpori): I, berry 

 seen from above; II, transverse section of berry; III, single seed; IV, transverse section 

 of seed showing outer epidermis (S), inner layer of seed-coat (S'), raphe (R), endosperm (E) 

 and embryo (Em); V. surface section of endocarp with stoma; VI, seed in transverse sec- 

 tion showing epidermis of seed-coat (ep) with sclerenchymatized and mucilaginous layers, 

 inner layer of seed-coat (m) and endosperm (E); VII, surface section of epidermis of seed- 

 coat. After Winton. 



A Cremocarp is a dry, indehiscent fruit which consists of 

 two inferior achenes, known as MERICARPS; these are separated 

 from each other by means of a stalk known as a CARPOPHORE. 

 27 



