CLASSIFICATION OF ANGIOSPERMS. 581 



myl-cocaine, truxilline and ecgonine. Of these cocaine is the most 

 important, the Bolivian leaves containing the greatest amount, or 

 0.5 to i per cent. ; the other alkaloids preponderate in the Peruvian 

 leaves, which usually do not contain more than one-half or two- 

 thirds as much cocaine as the Bolivian leaves ; the Java leaves also 

 contain benzoyl-pseudotropine ; in addition, coca leaves contain a 

 volatile aromatic principle ; and a tannin giving a green color with 

 ferric salts. 



COCAINE (benzoyl-methyl-ecgonine) occurs in monoclinic 

 prisms. The hydrochloride of cocaine with palladous chloride 

 forms a characteristic crystalline double salt (Fig. 97). 



Other species of Erythroxylon also yield useful products. An 

 aromatic oil is found in the wood of E. monogynum of Ceylon 

 and India, and the wood is known as " bastard cedar " or " bastard 

 santal." A brownish-red coloring principle is found in the red- 

 wood (E. ccrolatum) of Jamaica and in E. suberosum and E. 

 tortuosum. Purgative and anthelrnintic principles are found in 

 some species of this genus. 



/. ZYGOPHYLLACE^E OR CALTROP FAMILY. The 

 plants are mostly herbs and shrubs which are widely distributed 

 in warm-tropical regions. The leaves are mostly opposite, pin- 

 nate and stipulate. The genus Guaiacum is of interest on account 

 of the wood containing considerable resin, which is used in 

 medicine. 



Guaiacum officinale is a small tree with 4- to 6- foliate leaves, 

 the leaflets being ovate, entire and sessile ; the flowers are large, 

 blue; and in axillary clusters ; and the fruit is a 2-valved capsule 

 (Fig. 324). G. sanctum is a tree resembling G. oificinale, but is 

 distinguished by having leaves which are 8-foliate and with 

 smaller leaflets, and a 4- to 5-valved capsule. The resin of both 

 species is official. 



A resin having an odor resembling that of creosote occurs in 

 the CREOSOTE BUSH (Covillea tridentata) of Mexico and Texas. 



The juice of Peganum Harmala contains a yellow coloring 

 principle used in dyeing. A number of the plants of this family 

 contain powerful poisonous principles. 



g. RUTACE^: OR RUE FAMILY. The plants are shrubs 

 or trees, seldom herbs, with lysigenous oil-secretion cells. The 



